Bogadi-Sare A
Institut za medicinska istrazivanja i medicinu rada Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Hrvatska.
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 1992 Sep;43(3):271-82.
Surveillance of workers exposed to benzene calls for a complex approach. This includes the determination of benzene concentration in the working atmosphere, which, according to standards applied in Croatia, should not exceed 15 ppm. In the developed countries the allowable workplace level has been reduced to 1 ppm. The monitoring of benzene metabolites in the organism of exposed workers is also necessary. As an indicator of benzene exposure, the urinary phenol concentration determined before and after work in the middle of the week has been generally accepted in Croatia. An essential laboratory test is a complete blood count including red cell indices. Other haematological tests that might be valuable early indicators of benzene haematotoxicity need to be more fully evaluated. Alterations in any of these indicators are not pathognomonic and all findings should therefore be interpreted at the same time and with caution. Early detection of benzene haematotoxicity can be accomplished by continuous health monitoring of exposed workers through preplacement and periodic health examinations. This is in accordance with the principles of modern occupational medicine which requires identification of early changes and prevention of irreversible benzene induced toxic changes in the haematopoietic system.
对接触苯的工人进行监测需要采用复杂的方法。这包括测定工作环境中的苯浓度，根据克罗地亚适用的标准，该浓度不应超过15 ppm。在发达国家，工作场所的允许浓度已降至1 ppm。对接触苯的工人的机体进行苯代谢物监测也是必要的。作为苯接触的指标，克罗地亚普遍接受在一周中间工作日前后测定尿酚浓度。一项基本的实验室检查是全血细胞计数，包括红细胞指数。其他可能是苯血液毒性早期有价值指标的血液学检查需要更全面地评估。这些指标中的任何一项改变都不具有特异性，因此所有检查结果都应同时谨慎解读。通过上岗前和定期健康检查对接触苯的工人进行持续健康监测，可以实现对苯血液毒性的早期检测。这符合现代职业医学的原则，即需要识别早期变化并预防苯对造血系统造成不可逆转的毒性变化。
