Cornish Simon L, Cassettari Donatella
Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2003 Dec 15;361(1813):2699-713. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2003.1278.
When the atoms in a gas are cooled to extremely low temperatures, their quantum-mechanical nature starts to dominate the properties of the whole gas. Under the appropriate conditions, the atoms will 'condense' into a single quantum state of the system-a phenomenon known as Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). The resulting 'condensate' behaves as a single, observable quantum-mechanical object. During the last decade, this new state of matter has displayed many remarkable properties. In this paper, we review some of the most recent experimental developments in the BEC field, highlighting the role of atomic interactions and the high degree of control with which condensates may be manipulated.
当气体中的原子被冷却到极低温度时，它们的量子力学特性开始主导整个气体的性质。在适当条件下，原子会“凝聚”成系统的单一量子态——这一现象被称为玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）。由此产生的“凝聚体”表现为一个单一的、可观测的量子力学对象。在过去十年中，这种新的物质状态展现出了许多显著特性。在本文中，我们回顾了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚领域一些最新的实验进展，重点介绍了原子相互作用的作用以及对凝聚体进行操控时的高度可控性。
