Peters F T, Samyn N, Wahl M, Kraemer T, De Boeck G, Maurer H H
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany.
J Anal Toxicol. 2003 Nov-Dec;27(8):552-9. doi: 10.1093/jat/27.8.552.
Enantiomers of amphetamine (AM), methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) exhibit different pharmacological properties. This may be important for the interpretation of analytical results. Plasma samples were analyzed using validated negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedures. The results for clinical toxicology cases, divided into screening (SCR) and intoxication (ITX) cases, and those of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) cases were compared. The concentrations of all enantiomers, except R-(-)-MDA and R-(-)- and S-(+)-MA, in the SCR samples were lower than in ITX and DUID samples. Differences between concentrations in ITX and DUID samples were only significant for both enantiomers of AM (DUID higher). These findings suggested impairment in drugged drivers. Different enantiomer ratios (R vs. S) were found for AM between DUID and SCR samples, for MDMA between ITX and SCR samples, and for MDA between DUID and ITX and DUID and SCR samples. Higher MDMA enantiomer ratios in SCR compared to ITX samples are in accordance with a previously described increase of those ratios over time, possibly allowing differentiation of recent from nonrecent ingestion. Pharmacokinetic analysis of a MDMA poisoning yielded elimination half-lives of 6.0 h for R-(-)-MDMA and 4.1 h for S-(+)-MDMA. The enantiomer ratios rose exponentially over time.
苯丙胺（AM）、甲基苯丙胺（MA）、3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯丙胺（MDA）、3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）和3,4-亚甲基二氧基乙基苯丙胺（MDEA）的对映体具有不同的药理特性。这对于分析结果的解释可能很重要。使用经过验证的负离子化学电离气相色谱-质谱法程序分析血浆样本。比较了分为筛查（SCR）和中毒（ITX）病例的临床毒理学病例结果以及药物影响下驾驶（DUID）病例的结果。SCR样本中除R-(-)-MDA以及R-(-)-和S-(+)-MA外，所有对映体的浓度均低于ITX和DUID样本。ITX和DUID样本中浓度的差异仅在AM的两种对映体中显著（DUID样本中的浓度更高）。这些发现表明药物影响下的驾驶员存在机能损害。在DUID和SCR样本之间发现AM的对映体比例（R对S）不同，在ITX和SCR样本之间发现MDMA的对映体比例不同，在DUID与ITX以及DUID与SCR样本之间发现MDA的对映体比例不同。与ITX样本相比，SCR样本中MDMA对映体比例更高，这与之前描述的这些比例随时间增加的情况一致，这可能有助于区分近期摄入与非近期摄入。对一例MDMA中毒的药代动力学分析得出，R-(-)-MDMA的消除半衰期为6.0小时，S-(+)-MDMA的消除半衰期为4.1小时。对映体比例随时间呈指数上升。
