Ji Jun-Yuan, Squirrell Jayne M, Schubiger Gerold
Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.
Development. 2004 Jan;131(2):401-11. doi: 10.1242/dev.00944. Epub 2003 Dec 17.
The earliest embryonic mitoses in Drosophila, as in other animals except mammals, are viewed as synchronous and of equal duration. However, we observed that total cell-cycle length steadily increases after cycle 7, solely owing to the extension of interphase. Between cycle 7 and cycle 10, this extension is DNA-replication checkpoint independent, but correlates with the onset of Cyclin B oscillation. In addition, nuclei in the middle of embryos have longer metaphase and shorter anaphase than nuclei at the two polar regions. Interestingly, sister chromatids move faster in anaphase in the middle than the posterior region. These regional differences correlate with local differences in Cyclin B concentration. After cycle 10, interphase and total cycle duration of nuclei in the middle of the embryo are longer than at the poles. Because interphase also extends in checkpoint mutant (grapes) embryo after cycle 10, although less dramatic than wild-type embryos, interphase extension after cycle 10 is probably controlled by both Cyclin B limitation and the DNA-replication checkpoint.
与除哺乳动物之外的其他动物一样,果蝇胚胎最早期的有丝分裂被视为同步且持续时间相等。然而,我们观察到在第7个细胞周期之后,总细胞周期长度稳步增加,这完全是由于间期延长所致。在第7个细胞周期和第10个细胞周期之间,这种延长与DNA复制检查点无关,但与细胞周期蛋白B振荡的开始相关。此外,胚胎中部的细胞核中期比两极区域的细胞核更长,后期更短。有趣的是,中期姐妹染色单体在胚胎中部的后期移动速度比后部区域更快。这些区域差异与细胞周期蛋白B浓度的局部差异相关。在第10个细胞周期之后,胚胎中部细胞核的间期和总周期持续时间比两极更长。由于在第10个细胞周期之后,检查点突变体(葡萄)胚胎中的间期也会延长,尽管不如野生型胚胎明显,所以第10个细胞周期之后的间期延长可能受细胞周期蛋白B限制和DNA复制检查点两者控制。