Castaneda Carmen
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Nutr Clin Care. 2003 May-Sep;6(2):89-96.
Regular physical activity and exercise are important components in the prevention of diabetes. In addition to lowering blood glucose, exercise improves insulin action, contributes to weight loss, and reduces several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The association between increased levels of physical activity and a reduced occurrence of diabetes' long-term complications suggests that regular physical activity has a protective role. This association has been shown in the Diabetes Prevention Program. In which physical activity in the form of walking for 30 minutes/day on most days of the week was encouraged. Most people with diabetes, like people without diabetes, fall to meet national physical activity goals. Sedentary lifestyles have been linked to 23% of deaths from leading chronic diseases, including heart disease and diabetes. Given the epidemic nature of diabetes in the world during the 21st century, diabetes management through physical activity and structured exercise should be considered an adjunct to diabetes management. While both endurance and resistance exercise can improve insulin action and glucose homeostasis, the two forms of exercise differ significantly in how they alter muscle metabolism and structure. Understanding the beneficial effects of exercise, as well as the mechanisms for adopting a physically active lifestyle, is important for the management of diabetes mellitus. Despite the well-known benefits of exercise, patient education, paired with the implementation and promotion of safe and sustainable habits of physical activity for individuals with diabetes, is still inadequate.
规律的体育活动和锻炼是预防糖尿病的重要组成部分。除了降低血糖外，运动还能改善胰岛素作用，有助于减肥，并降低心血管疾病的多种风险因素。身体活动水平增加与糖尿病长期并发症发生率降低之间的关联表明，规律的体育活动具有保护作用。这种关联已在糖尿病预防计划中得到证实。该计划鼓励人们在一周中的大多数日子里每天以步行30分钟的形式进行身体活动。大多数糖尿病患者，与非糖尿病患者一样，未能达到国家体育活动目标。久坐不动的生活方式与包括心脏病和糖尿病在内的主要慢性疾病导致的23%的死亡有关。鉴于21世纪糖尿病在全球的流行情况，通过体育活动和有组织的锻炼进行糖尿病管理应被视为糖尿病管理的辅助手段。虽然耐力运动和抗阻运动都能改善胰岛素作用和葡萄糖稳态，但这两种运动形式在改变肌肉代谢和结构的方式上有显著差异。了解运动的有益效果以及采用积极生活方式的机制，对糖尿病的管理很重要。尽管运动的益处众所周知，但针对糖尿病患者的患者教育，以及安全、可持续的体育活动习惯的实施和推广，仍然不足。
