Kirshner Robert P
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jan 6;101(1):8-13. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2536799100. Epub 2003 Dec 26.
Edwin Hubble's classic article on the expanding universe appeared in PNAS in 1929 [Hubble, E. P. (1929) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 15, 168-173]. The chief result, that a galaxy's distance is proportional to its redshift, is so well known and so deeply embedded into the language of astronomy through the Hubble diagram, the Hubble constant, Hubble's Law, and the Hubble time, that the article itself is rarely referenced. Even though Hubble's distances have a large systematic error, Hubble's velocities come chiefly from Vesto Melvin Slipher, and the interpretation in terms of the de Sitter effect is out of the mainstream of modern cosmology, this article opened the way to investigation of the expanding, evolving, and accelerating universe that engages today's burgeoning field of cosmology.
埃德温·哈勃关于宇宙膨胀的经典文章于1929年发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上[哈勃，E.P.（1929年）《美国国家科学院院刊》15，168 - 173]。其主要成果，即星系的距离与其红移成正比，是如此广为人知，并通过哈勃图、哈勃常数、哈勃定律和哈勃时间深深融入天文学语言之中，以至于这篇文章本身很少被引用。尽管哈勃的距离存在很大的系统误差，哈勃的速度主要来自维斯托·梅尔文·斯里弗，而且从德西特效应角度的解释也不属于现代宇宙学的主流，但这篇文章为如今蓬勃发展的宇宙学领域对膨胀、演化和加速的宇宙进行研究开辟了道路。
