Bommelé Lydia, Reheul Dirk, Nevens Frank
Ghent University, Department of Plant Production, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2003;68(1):49-60.
From 1999 to 2002, we studied the yield production and quality parameters of grassland installed on sandy soils (1) under normal management (NM), (2) under management with respect to meadow birds (MBM) -first mowing date 15 June or later- and (3) under botanical management (BM) -first mowing date 1 July or later. The experiments were conducted at two locations, Aalter and Geel. The biomass production under MBM and BM decreased by resp. 19% and 46% as compared to the NM. The nitrogen content in the vegetation of the delayed first cut (without fertilisation) of MBM (2.4%) and BM (2.3%) was much lower than under NM (3.3%). Since the first cut makes the major part of the total annual dry matter yield (43% for MBM and 59% for BM), the average nitrogen content of the overall DM yield dropped substantially if the first cut was delayed. The same phenomenon occurred for the digestibility of the organic matter: overall 66% for MBM and 59% for BM as compared to 69% for NM. The digestibility was partially influenced by the botanical composition. MBM resulted in a shift in botanical composition, favouring Poa trivialis L., Ranunculus repens L., and Holcus lanatus L. as compared to NM. BM mainly favoured Holcus lanatus L., and Ranunculus repens L. as compared to NM. Under the management types with delayed first cut, problems with residual mineral soil N never occurred.
1999年至2002年，我们研究了在沙质土壤上建立的草地的产量及质量参数，研究设置了三种管理方式：（1）正常管理（NM）；（2）针对草甸鸟类的管理方式（MBM）——首次刈割日期为6月15日或更晚；（3）植物管理方式（BM）——首次刈割日期为7月1日或更晚。实验在阿尔特和海尔两个地点进行。与正常管理相比，MBM和BM管理方式下的生物量产量分别下降了19%和46%。MBM（2.4%）和BM（2.3%）延迟首次刈割（不施肥）时植被中的氮含量远低于正常管理（3.3%）。由于首次刈割占全年干物质总产量的大部分（MBM为43%，BM为59%），如果首次刈割延迟，全年干物质产量的平均氮含量会大幅下降。有机物消化率也出现了同样的现象：MBM总体为66%，BM为59%，而正常管理为69%。消化率部分受植物组成影响。与正常管理相比，MBM导致植物组成发生变化，有利于早熟禾、匍匐毛茛和绒毛草生长。与正常管理相比，BM主要有利于绒毛草和匍匐毛茛生长。在首次刈割延迟的管理方式下，从未出现过残留矿质土壤氮的问题。
