Thomas Valerie M
Princeton Environmental Institute, Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Dec 1;37(23):5297-302. doi: 10.1021/es0345120.
This paper explores the potential to make product recycling and reuse easier by shifting responsibility for product management toward the product itself. Examples range from barcode-enabled Internet sales of used products to RFID-enabled garbage trucks that identify recyclable items and provide rebates. Initial steps toward product self-management have made opportunistic use of product bar codes and Internet markets. In the United States, Internet markets are driving increased reuse of products. In the European Union, recycling and waste management policy is driving the use of radio electronics in waste management. Prospects for product self-management are assessed from both a technological and an economic perspective. The technological analysis indicates that radio-frequency tags offer some advantages over bar codes, but their application to product self-management requires considerable investment in the waste management infrastructure. This suggests that early applications of advanced product tags are most suitable for Germany and other countries where the waste management industry has already integrated information technology into its operations. The economic analysis indicates that increased reuse of products can reduce consumption of new products and materials, although on a less than one-to-one basis, simultaneously reducing costs for consumers and deriving more value from existing products.
本文探讨了通过将产品管理责任向产品本身转移，使产品回收和再利用更加便捷的可能性。示例包括从带有条形码的二手产品网络销售到配备射频识别（RFID）技术的垃圾车，后者可识别可回收物品并提供回扣。产品自我管理的初步举措已利用了产品条形码和网络市场。在美国，网络市场推动了产品再利用的增加。在欧盟，回收和废物管理政策推动了无线电电子产品在废物管理中的应用。从技术和经济两个角度评估了产品自我管理的前景。技术分析表明，射频标签相对于条形码具有一些优势，但其在产品自我管理中的应用需要在废物管理基础设施方面进行大量投资。这表明先进产品标签的早期应用最适合德国及其他已将信息技术融入其运营的废物管理行业的国家。经济分析表明，产品再利用的增加可以减少新产品和新材料的消耗，尽管并非一对一的比例关系，同时降低消费者成本并从现有产品中获取更多价值。
