Smith Cynthia L, Calkins Susan D, Keane Susan P, Anastopoulos Arthur D, Shelton Terri L
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2004 Jan;40(1):29-42. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.40.1.29.
This study examined the stability and continuity of early-identified behavior problems and the factors associated with this stability. Children and their mothers (N=125) were seen when the children were 2 and 4 years of age. Maternal reports of child externalizing behavior and laboratory observations of child noncompliance were stable from age 2 to age 4. Early externalizing behaviors decreased over time; however, child noncompliance in the laboratory did not. Although few associations were found between maternal positive behavior and child behavior problems, maternal controlling behavior was related to increases in child behavior problems, particularly at high levels of both prior noncompliance and prior maternal control. Child noncompliance was predictive of increases in maternal controlling behavior over time.
本研究考察了早期识别出的行为问题的稳定性和持续性，以及与这种稳定性相关的因素。在孩子2岁和4岁时对儿童及其母亲（N = 125）进行了观察。母亲对孩子外化行为的报告以及对孩子不服从行为的实验室观察结果从2岁到4岁保持稳定。早期外化行为随时间减少；然而，实验室中孩子的不服从行为并未减少。虽然在母亲的积极行为与孩子行为问题之间未发现明显关联，但母亲的控制行为与孩子行为问题的增加有关，尤其是在先前不服从行为和先前母亲控制程度都较高的情况下。孩子的不服从行为预示着母亲控制行为会随时间增加。
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