Loewenberg P
Dept. of History, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.
Psyche (Stuttg). 1992 Dec;46(12):1095-121.
In the author's view, anti-Jewishness is the expression of covert anti-Christianism, which in its turn conceals an unconscious revolt against Christ. Unconscious aggression is unleashed against the Jews, who thus become scapegoats against whom three constantly recurring accusations are levelled: the killing of Christ; the desecration of the Host; and the ritual murder of children. The author traces the history of these accusations from the Middle Ages to the present. The search for scapegoats is a universal phenomenon not limited to anti-Jeweshness but encountered more generally in situations of social and political uncertainty. To substantiate his claims, the author draws upon historical documents from the Second World War dealing with the threat to China from Japan's armed forces, and also makes reference to the race riots in Los Angeles early this year.
在作者看来,反犹主义是隐秘的反基督教主义的表现,而这种反基督教主义又反过来掩盖了对基督的无意识反抗。无意识的攻击性被释放到犹太人身上,于是犹太人成为替罪羊,针对他们有三项不断重复出现的指控:杀害基督;亵渎圣体;仪式性谋杀儿童。作者追溯了这些指控从中世纪到现代的历史。寻找替罪羊是一种普遍现象,不仅限于反犹主义,在社会和政治不稳定的情况下更普遍存在。为了证实他的观点,作者援引了二战时期有关日本军队对中国构成威胁的历史文件,还提及了今年年初洛杉矶的种族骚乱。