Shinn Marybeth, VanDevanter Nancy, Bleakley Amy, Niang Kathryn Tannert, Perl Sarah, Cohen Neal L
New York University, New York, New York, USA.
J Urban Health. 2003 Dec;80(4):616-24. doi: 10.1093/jurban/jtg068.
Individual behavior and social contexts are critical determinants of health. We surveyed commissioners or their designees in 22 departments of health serving US cities of at least 500,000 people to examine their use of scientific approaches to influence individual behavior and social contexts. Each department used behavioral or social science in its work, but only four departments were judged to have integrated these approaches throughout their operations, using both centralized and decentralized structures. Degree of integration was unrelated to collaboration with universities or communities but was related to use of explicit theories. Behavioral and social sciences were employed most frequently in the areas of HIV/AIDS and maternal and child health and in the service of changing individual behavior rather than larger contexts, although across departments many health problems and approaches were involved. Commissioners generally found the approaches valuable, but articulated barriers to more widespread adoption.
个体行为和社会环境是健康的关键决定因素。我们对服务于美国至少50万人口城市的22个卫生部门的专员或其指定人员进行了调查，以研究他们如何运用科学方法来影响个体行为和社会环境。每个部门在工作中都运用了行为或社会科学，但只有四个部门被判定在其整个运作过程中整合了这些方法，采用了集中式和分散式结构。整合程度与与大学或社区的合作无关，但与明确理论的运用有关。行为和社会科学在艾滋病毒/艾滋病以及母婴健康领域使用最为频繁，其目的是改变个体行为而非更大的环境，不过各部门涉及了许多健康问题和方法。专员们普遍认为这些方法有价值，但也阐明了更广泛采用这些方法的障碍。
