Barnoy Sivia, Bar-Tal Yoram, Treister Lilit
Department of Nursing, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Cancer Nurs. 2003 Oct;26(5):363-9. doi: 10.1097/00002820-200310000-00004.
Early detection of cancer can lower mortality rates. Detection tests are available for some cancers such as breast and cervical cancer. Unrealistic optimism can affect compliance with health recommendations. Factors such as past experience (personal or at workplace) and perceived control over the disease influence unrealistic optimism. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of past experience and perceived control over disease on unrealistic optimism towards breast and cervical cancer, and to examine the effect of unrealistic optimism, perceived control over the disease, and past experience on intentions to undergo screening tests. The study design was quasi-experimental correlative. Past experience was measured among 3 groups of women living in Tel-Aviv ranging in age from 21 to 60 years: oncology nurses (n = 50), obstetric nurses (n = 50), and laywomen (n = 50). These groups were presumed to differ from each other in the extent to which they were aware of cancer. In addition, the 2 types of malignancy represented different levels of awareness. Questionnaires were used to measure the study variables. Experience had a strong impact on unrealistic optimism with both cancers. However, the cancers differed in the impact of unrealistic optimism on behavioral intentions. With breast cancer (the more frequent), there was only a main effect of unrealistic optimism. A 3-way interaction was found with cervical cancer. The results indicate that unrealistic optimism plays a role in predicting participation in early detection testing and should be considered as an influencing factor in health-promoting plans.
癌症的早期发现可降低死亡率。一些癌症，如乳腺癌和宫颈癌，有相应的检测方法。不切实际的乐观态度会影响对健康建议的依从性。诸如过去的经历（个人经历或工作场所经历）以及对疾病的感知控制等因素会影响不切实际的乐观态度。本研究的目的是检验过去的经历和对疾病的感知控制对乳腺癌和宫颈癌不切实际乐观态度的影响，并检验不切实际的乐观态度、对疾病的感知控制以及过去的经历对接受筛查检测意愿的影响。研究设计为准实验相关性研究。在特拉维夫年龄在21至60岁的三组女性中测量过去的经历：肿瘤科护士（n = 50）、产科护士（n = 50）和普通女性（n = 50）。假定这些组在对癌症的知晓程度上彼此不同。此外，这两种恶性肿瘤代表了不同的知晓水平。使用问卷来测量研究变量。经历对两种癌症的不切实际乐观态度都有强烈影响。然而，不切实际的乐观态度对行为意愿的影响在两种癌症中有所不同。对于乳腺癌（更常见），只有不切实际乐观态度的主效应。在宫颈癌方面发现了三因素交互作用。结果表明，不切实际的乐观态度在预测参与早期检测方面发挥作用，应被视为健康促进计划中的一个影响因素。
