Delilbasi Cagri, Yamazawa Michikuni, Nomura Kimiko, Iida Seiji, Kogo Mikihiko
Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Japan.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004 Jan;97(1):23-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.10.008.
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and type of maxillofacial fractures caused by various sports played with a ball to better understand the nature of these fractures. Study design Retrospective study was carried out using records from 100 patients treated between 1986-2002. Age and sex, etiology, and site of the fracture, yearly and monthly distribution of the fractures, and treatment modality were analyzed.
The fractures mostly resulted from baseball (44%), followed by rugby (28%) and soccer (18%). The highest incidence was in the 10- to 19-year age-group with male propensity. The most common cause of the fractures was impact against another player (43%). The majority of the patients suffered from mandibular fractures (56%), followed by midface (31%) and alveolar fractures (12%). Mandibular angle, zygoma, and zygomatic arch fractures were prominent for rugby fractures. A yearly comparison of the fracture incidence showed a gradual decrease over the 16-year period. Fractures had a peak incidence in autumn. 55% of the patients were treated surgically. Surgical intervention was mostly needed for patients sustaining fractures during soccer (72.2%).
Among ball-related sports, baseball is responsible for most of the maxillofacial fractures, but, although the incidence is not that high, soccer-related fractures may be more severe due to the nature of this sport.
本研究旨在调查各类球类运动导致的颌面骨折的发生率及类型，以更好地了解这些骨折的本质。研究设计：采用1986年至2002年间接受治疗的100例患者的记录进行回顾性研究。分析了患者的年龄、性别、病因、骨折部位、骨折的年度和月度分布以及治疗方式。
骨折大多由棒球运动导致（44%），其次是橄榄球（28%）和足球（18%）。发病率最高的是10至19岁年龄组，且男性居多。骨折最常见的原因是与其他球员碰撞（43%）。大多数患者为下颌骨骨折（56%），其次是面中部骨折（31%）和牙槽骨折（12%）。下颌角、颧骨和颧弓骨折在橄榄球运动导致的骨折中较为突出。对骨折发生率进行年度比较发现，在这16年期间呈逐渐下降趋势。骨折发病率在秋季达到峰值。55%的患者接受了手术治疗。足球运动导致骨折的患者大多需要手术干预（72.2%）。
在球类运动中，棒球导致的颌面骨折最多，但尽管足球导致骨折的发生率不高，但由于这项运动的性质，与之相关的骨折可能更严重。
