Ryan Carey S, McCall Robert B, Robinson Debbie R, Groark Christina J, Mulvey Laurie, Plemons Bradford W
University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Child Dev. 2002 Jan-Feb;73(1):315-28. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00408.
The benefits for children at the Pittsburgh site of the federal Comprehensive Child Development Program (CCDP) were examined as a function of family welfare status (Aid to Families with Dependent Children; AFDC) and SES. The CCDP was the largest attempt by the federal government to provide two-generation, case-managed, comprehensive services to low-income families. Participating families could set their own goals and choose services to achieve them, but relatively few services were directed specifically at children. Results showed that more Pittsburgh families in the CCDP treatment group (N = 120) left AFDC than in the control group (N = 120), consistent with results from a national evaluation of the CCDP. Children whose families were on AFDC regardless of treatment group had lower mental test scores, even after controlling for family SES, a result suggesting that AFDC receipt over and above income level was associated with poorer child mental performance. The CCDP was associated with higher children's mental scores plus improvements over time in achievement scores only for children in families who were not on AFDC, even after controlling for SES. Such parents were more likely to choose parenting and child goals and services, which in turn were associated with higher child mental scores. In contrast, parents who were on AFDC tended to choose adult-centered goals and services, which did not benefit children. Therefore, in contrast to the national evaluation, which found no benefits of the CCDP for children, these analyses showed that the CCDP did produce benefits for children whose parents were not on AFDC, who tended to choose parenting and child services.
针对联邦综合儿童发展项目（CCDP）匹兹堡地区的儿童所获益处，研究人员考察了其与家庭福利状况（对有受抚养子女家庭的援助；AFDC）及社会经济地位（SES）之间的关系。CCDP是联邦政府为低收入家庭提供两代人参与、个案管理的综合服务的最大规模尝试。参与项目的家庭可以设定自己的目标并选择实现目标所需的服务，但专门针对儿童的服务相对较少。结果显示，CCDP治疗组（N = 120）中脱离AFDC的匹兹堡家庭比对照组（N = 120）更多，这与CCDP的一项全国性评估结果一致。无论治疗组如何，处于AFDC状态的家庭中的儿童，即便在控制了家庭社会经济地位之后，其心理测试分数仍较低，这一结果表明，领取AFDC除了与收入水平相关外，还与儿童较差的心理表现有关。仅对于未处于AFDC状态家庭中的儿童，CCDP与更高的儿童心理分数以及随着时间推移成绩分数的提高相关，即便在控制了社会经济地位之后也是如此。这类家长更有可能选择育儿和儿童相关的目标及服务，而这反过来又与更高的儿童心理分数相关。相比之下，处于AFDC状态的家长倾向于选择以成人为主的目标和服务，而这对儿童并无益处。因此，与全国性评估结果（该评估未发现CCDP对儿童有益）不同，这些分析表明，CCDP确实为其家长未处于AFDC状态且倾向于选择育儿和儿童服务的儿童带来了益处。
