Berrang M E, Meinersmann R J, Buhr R J, Reimer N A, Philips R W, Harrison M A
USDA-ARS-Russell Research Center, Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA.
Poult Sci. 2003 Dec;82(12):1995-9. doi: 10.1093/ps/82.12.1995.
Campylobacter could be detected in the thoraco-abdominal cavity of broiler carcasses even if they were carefully eviscerated by hand with no evidence of intestinal rupture or leakage. If Campylobacter is present in the air sacs, which are unavoidably torn during evisceration, it could contaminate the thoraco-abdominal cavity of the eviscerated carcass. This study was done to determine if Campylobacter contamination is present in the respiratory tract of broilers prior to evisceration. Whole carcass rinses and respiratory tract washes were done on broiler carcasses collected at a commercial processing plant just before and just after scalding. Samples were cultured for presence and numbers of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, coliforms, and total aerobic bacteria. Campylobacter isolates were subtyped by sequencing the short variable region of the flaA gene. The same subtypes of Campylobacter were detected in whole carcass rinse samples as in respiratory tract wash samples from individual broilers. Furthermore, the same numbers and subtypes of Campylobacter were recovered from respiratory tracts of carcasses collected before scalding and those collected after scalding. However, respiratory tracts of carcasses after scalding had higher numbers of E. coli, coliforms, and total aerobic bacteria than those tested before scalding. Although some bacterial counts were higher in the respiratory tracts of carcasses after scalding, Campylobacter counts were not. It appears that Campylobacter is present in the respiratory tracts of broilers as they enter processing, and contamination may be due to airborne bacteria during production or transport.
即使手工小心地取出肉鸡胴体的内脏，且没有肠道破裂或渗漏的迹象，仍可在其胸腹腔内检测到弯曲杆菌。如果气囊中存在弯曲杆菌（在取出内脏时气囊不可避免地会被撕破），它可能会污染已取出内脏的胴体的胸腹腔。本研究旨在确定在取出内脏之前肉鸡的呼吸道中是否存在弯曲杆菌污染。在一家商业加工厂，于烫毛前后分别采集肉鸡胴体，进行全胴体冲洗和呼吸道冲洗。对样本进行培养，以检测弯曲杆菌、大肠杆菌、大肠菌群和总需氧菌的存在及数量。通过对flaA基因的短可变区进行测序，对弯曲杆菌分离株进行亚型分类。在个体肉鸡的全胴体冲洗样本中检测到的弯曲杆菌亚型与呼吸道冲洗样本中的相同。此外，从烫毛前和烫毛后采集的胴体呼吸道中回收的弯曲杆菌数量和亚型相同。然而，烫毛后胴体的呼吸道中大肠杆菌、大肠菌群和总需氧菌的数量高于烫毛前检测的数量。尽管烫毛后胴体呼吸道中的一些细菌计数较高，但弯曲杆菌计数并非如此。看来肉鸡进入加工环节时呼吸道中就存在弯曲杆菌，污染可能是由于生产或运输过程中的空气传播细菌所致。
