Smith D P, Northcutt J K, Cason J A, Hinton A, Buhr R J, Ingram K D
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Poult Sci. 2007 Jun;86(6):1241-4. doi: 10.1093/ps/86.6.1241.
During processing, fecal material may contact broiler carcasses externally or internally. A study was conducted to determine the effect of external vs. internal fecal contamination on numbers of bacteria on broiler carcasses. In each of 3 trials, 12 carcasses just prior to evisceration were obtained from a commercial processing plant, placed on a shackle line, and eviscerated with commercial equipment in a pilot scale processing plant. Also, approximately 20 intestinal tracts were collected from the processing plant; then cecal contents were collected and pooled. One gram of cecal content was placed on the exterior breast skin (external), inside the carcass cavity (internal), or not applied (control). All carcasses were held 10 min, then placed on the shackle line and passed through a commercial inside-outside bird washer set at 552 kPa, 5 s dwell time, using approximately 189 L per min of tap water at ambient temperature. After a 1-min drip, whole carcass rinses were conducted on each carcass, and coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter counts were determined and reported as log cfu/mL of rinse. External carcass contamination resulted in significantly higher (P<0.05) coliform, E. coli, and Campylobacter numbers than internal contamination (5.0 vs. 4.5, 4.9 vs. 4.2, and 3.6 vs. 2.6, respectively). Control carcass counts were significantly lower than external or internal carcass contamination counts for coliforms (3.7), E. coli (3.6), and Campylobacter (2.2). External contamination resulted in higher numbers of bacteria after carcass washing, but carcasses with internal contamination still have higher numbers of bacteria after washing than carcasses without applied contamination.
在加工过程中，粪便物质可能会与肉鸡胴体进行外部或内部接触。开展了一项研究以确定外部与内部粪便污染对肉鸡胴体上细菌数量的影响。在3次试验中的每次试验中，从一家商业加工厂获取12只即将去内脏的胴体，放置在挂钩线上，并在中试规模加工厂使用商业设备进行去内脏处理。此外，从该加工厂收集了约20个肠道；然后收集盲肠内容物并合并。将1克盲肠内容物放置在胴体外部胸部皮肤（外部）、胴体腔内（内部）或不进行处理（对照）。所有胴体放置10分钟，然后放置在挂钩线上，并通过一台设定为552千帕、停留时间5秒、使用约每分钟189升常温自来水的商用鸡内外清洗机。经过1分钟滴水后，对每个胴体进行整体冲洗，并测定大肠菌群、大肠杆菌和弯曲杆菌数量，并报告为每毫升冲洗液中的对数菌落形成单位（log cfu/mL）。胴体外部污染导致的大肠菌群、大肠杆菌和弯曲杆菌数量显著高于内部污染（分别为5.0对4.5、4.9对4.2和3.6对2.6）。对照胴体的大肠菌群（3.7）、大肠杆菌（3.6）和弯曲杆菌（2.2）数量显著低于外部或内部胴体污染数量。胴体清洗后，外部污染导致细菌数量更高，但内部污染的胴体清洗后的细菌数量仍高于未施加污染的胴体。
