Oliván Gonzalvo G
Servicios de Pediatría y Adolescencia. Instituto Aragonés de Servicios Sociales. Gobierno de Aragón. Zaragoza. España.
An Pediatr (Barc). 2004 Jan;60(1):28-34. doi: 10.1016/s1695-4033(04)78214-4.
To determine the prevalence of maltreated gypsy children admitted to centers of protection, as well as their demographic characteristics, type of maltreatment, frequency of associated social and health risk factors, frequent health problems and whether there are differences between these children and the general population of maltreated children.
We performed a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study over an 8-year period (1995-2002). The social and health reports of the maltreated children admitted to protection centers were reviewed and those belonging to the gypsy ethnic group were included. Information collection, definition of concepts and health assessments were performed according to nationwide methodologies, studies and directives. A descriptive and comparative statistical study was performed.
During the study period, 873 children were admitted, of whom 74 were from the gypsy ethnic group (a prevalence of 8.5 %, 1.7 times higher than that expected). Demography: mean age: 6.9 years (5.7 SDU); age group 0-5 years age: 56.7 %; females: 51.3 %. No significant demographic differences were observed in gypsy children compared with the general population of maltreated children. However, factors that were significantly more frequent in gypsy children were the prevalence of passive maltreatment (p = 0.0133; odds ratio [OR]: 2.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-4.9), belonging to families with more than one social and health risk factor (p = 0.0000; OR: 30.5; 95 % CI: 9.4-99.1) with problems of delinquency (p = 0.0000; OR: 11.7; 95 % CI: 6.3-21.7) and with a history drug/alcohol abuse (p = 0.0000; OR: 3.4; 95 % CI: 1.9-6), presenting at least one health problem (p = 0.0000; OR: 6.9; 95 % CI: 2.7-17.3), absent or incomplete immunizations (p = 0.0000; OR: 4.9; 95 % CI: 3-8.1), disabilities (p = 0.0012; OR: 2.9; 95 % CI: 1.5-5.9) especially of neurological origin (p = 0.0000; OR: 4.8; 95 % CI: 2-11.4), psychomotor developmental delay in children younger than 6 years (p = 0.0330; OR: 2.4; 95 % CI: 1-5.3) and behavioral disorders in adolescents (p = 0.0005; OR: 4.7; 95 % CI: 1.8-12.1).
There is a significant association between maltreatment of gypsy children and the presence in their family of social and health risk factors such as delinquency and mental health problems related to drug addiction/alcoholism. The health status of these children is significantly different from that observed in maltreated children from the general population, with a greater incidence of neurological disabilities and problems and diseases related to chronic neglect and/or abandonment of the child's health, socio-educational and psycho-emotional needs. These children are admitted to centers of protection more frequently than their theoretical risk would predict.
确定入住保护中心的受虐待吉普赛儿童的患病率、人口统计学特征、虐待类型、相关社会和健康风险因素的频率、常见健康问题，以及这些儿童与受虐待儿童总体人群之间是否存在差异。
我们进行了一项为期8年（1995 - 2002年）的回顾性横断面队列研究。回顾了入住保护中心的受虐待儿童的社会和健康报告，并纳入了吉普赛族儿童。根据全国性的方法、研究和指令进行信息收集、概念定义和健康评估。进行了描述性和比较性统计研究。
在研究期间，共收治873名儿童，其中74名来自吉普赛族（患病率为8.5%，比预期高出1.7倍）。人口统计学特征：平均年龄6.9岁（标准差5.7）；0 - 5岁年龄组占56.7%；女性占51.3%。与受虐待儿童总体人群相比，吉普赛儿童在人口统计学上无显著差异。然而，吉普赛儿童中显著更常见的因素包括被动虐待的患病率（p = 0.0133；优势比[OR]：2.4；95%置信区间[CI]：1.2 - 4.9）、属于有多个社会和健康风险因素的家庭（p = 0.0000；OR：30.5；95% CI：9.4 - 99.1），伴有犯罪问题（p = 0.0000；OR：11.7；95% CI：6.3 - 21.7）和有药物/酒精滥用史（p = 0.0000；OR：3.4；95% CI：1.9 - 6），存在至少一个健康问题（p = 0.0000；OR：6.9；95% CI：2.7 - 17.3），免疫接种缺失或不完整（p = 0.0000；OR：4.9；95% CI：3 - 8.1），残疾（p = 0.0012；OR：2.9；95% CI：1.5 - 5.9），尤其是神经源性残疾（p = 0.0000；OR：4.8；95% CI：2 - 11.4），6岁以下儿童精神运动发育迟缓（p = 0.0330；OR：2.4；95% CI：1 - 5.3）以及青少年行为障碍（p = 0.0005；OR：4.7；95% CI：1.8 - 12.1）。
吉普赛儿童受虐待与其家庭中存在诸如犯罪以及与药物成瘾/酗酒相关的心理健康问题等社会和健康风险因素之间存在显著关联。这些儿童的健康状况与受虐待儿童总体人群中观察到的情况显著不同，神经残疾以及与长期忽视和/或对儿童健康、社会教育和心理情感需求的遗弃相关的问题和疾病发生率更高。这些儿童入住保护中心的频率比其理论风险预测的更高。
