Richter-Appelt Hertha, Schimmelmann Benno Graf, Tiefensee Jutta
Institut für Sexualforschung und Forensische Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2004 Jan;54(1):23-33. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-812590.
A positive parent-child relationship is one of the most important determinants of a healthy cognitive, emotional and social development. The relationship from parent to child is determined by parenting styles. Parenting styles are characterised by the two dimensions parental attitudes and rearing practices. The development and the psychometric properties of a questionnaire on parental attitudes and rearing practices (FEPS), which contains an extended version of the Parental Bonding Instrument by Parker et al. (PBI, 1979) and two scales on parental reinforcement and punishment behaviour, is presented. In a sample of 457 women and 159 men factorial and item analysis revealed four scales (care, autonomy, low punishment and low material reinforcement). The care dimension contained items of immaterial reinforcement on the positive pole and items of coldness and ignorance as means of punishment on the negative pole. Based on findings from its first application in a clinical study it can be assumed that the FEPS differentiates between clinical and non-clinical populations. Additionally, varying patterns of the four scales may emerge as risk factors for the development of certain psychiatric/psychological problems.
积极的亲子关系是儿童认知、情感和社交健康发展的最重要决定因素之一。亲子关系由养育方式决定。养育方式的特点体现在父母态度和养育行为这两个维度上。本文介绍了一份关于父母态度和养育行为的问卷（FEPS）的编制过程及其心理测量学特性，该问卷包含Parker等人（1979年）编制的父母教养方式问卷（PBI）的扩展版本以及两个关于父母强化和惩罚行为的量表。在一个由457名女性和159名男性组成的样本中，因子分析和项目分析揭示了四个量表（关爱、自主性、低惩罚和低物质强化）。关爱维度在正极包含非物质强化项目，在负极包含冷漠和忽视等惩罚方式的项目。基于其在一项临床研究中的首次应用结果，可以推测FEPS能够区分临床人群和非临床人群。此外，这四个量表的不同模式可能会成为某些精神/心理问题发展的危险因素。
