Whitehead J R, Eklund R C, Williams A C
University of North Dakota, USA.
J Sci Med Sport. 2003 Dec;6(4):461-76. doi: 10.1016/s1440-2440(03)80272-4.
Body composition testing has been advocated as part of fitness test batteries in an educational effort to promote health-related fitness, and to prevent public health problems like obesity. However, the measurement of the body composition of children and youth, especially involving the use of skinfold calipers, has raised concerns. In two experiments the cognitive and affective consequences of skinfold caliper use in a 7th grade (155 boys, 177 girls, total N = 332) health/physical education context were examined. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the students could be taught to accurately measure a partner and/or significantly learn body fatness-related concepts compared to controls. It was also shown that inexpensive plastic Fat Control calipers produced accurate measurements. Experiment 2 was designed to replicate the significant cognitive outcome effects, and also to test the hypothesis that psychological damage is a likely consequence of skinfold caliper use-and that hypothesis was refuted. Specifically, knowledge scores, and outcome scores on adapted affect scales (e.g., PANAS, MAACL), physical self-esteem scales (CY-PSPP) and on the Social Physique Anxiety Scale supported the premise that skinfold calipers can be used in an educational context to facilitate cognitive learning without causing adverse affective consequences.
身体成分测试已被提倡作为体能测试组合的一部分，这是一项旨在促进健康相关体能并预防肥胖等公共卫生问题的教育举措。然而，儿童和青少年身体成分的测量，尤其是涉及使用皮褶厚度仪的测量，引发了人们的担忧。在两项实验中，研究了在七年级（155名男生、177名女生，共N = 332）健康/体育教育背景下使用皮褶厚度仪的认知和情感后果。实验1表明，与对照组相比，可以教会学生准确测量同伴，和/或显著学习与体脂相关的概念。研究还表明，廉价的塑料脂肪控制皮褶厚度仪能得出准确的测量结果。实验2旨在重复显著的认知结果效应，并检验皮褶厚度仪使用可能导致心理伤害这一假设——而该假设被推翻。具体而言，知识得分以及在适应性情感量表（如积极和消极情绪量表、多维焦虑儿童量表）、身体自尊量表（儿童身体自我感知剖面图）和社交体型焦虑量表上的结果得分支持了这样一个前提，即皮褶厚度仪可在教育背景下用于促进认知学习，而不会造成不良情感后果。
