Kuk Yong In, Kim Kyung Hyun, Kwon Oh Do, Lee Do Jin, Burgos Nilda R, Jung Sunyo, Guh Ja Ock
Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
Pest Manag Sci. 2004 Jan;60(1):85-94. doi: 10.1002/ps.786.
A Cyperus difformis L accession from Chonnam province, Korea was tested for resistance to the sulfonylurea herbicide, imazosulfuron. The accession was confirmed to be resistant (R) and was cross-resistant to other sulfonylurea herbicides, bensulfuron-methyl, cyclosulfamuron and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, the pyrimidinyl thiobenzoate herbicide, bispyribac-sodium, and the imidazolinone herbicide imazapyr, but not to imazaquin. Multiple resistance was tested using twelve herbicides with target sites other than acetolactate synthase (ALS). The R biotype could be controlled by other herbicides with different modes of action such as butachlor, carfentrazone-ethyl, clomeprop, dithiopyr, esprocarb, mefenacet, oxadiazon, pretilachlor, pyrazolate and thiobencarb, applied to soil at recommended rates. Several sulfonylurea herbicide-based mixtures can control both the R and S biotypes of C difformis, except sulfonylurea plus dimepiperate, molinate or pyriftalid, and pyrazolate plus butachlor. Although mixtures of sulfonylurea herbicides might be more effective, they should be avoided and used only in special cases. In terms of in vitro ALS activity, the R biotype was 1139-, 3583-, 1482-, 416-, 5- and 9-fold more resistant to bensulfuron-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, imazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, bispyribac-sodium and imazapyr, respectively, than the S biotype. The in vivo ALS activity of the R biotype was also less affected by the sulfonylurea herbicides, imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, than the S biotype. Results of in vitro and in vivo ALS assays indicated that the resistance mechanism of C difformis to ALS inhibitor herbicides was primarily due to an alteration in the target enzyme, ALS. Greenhouse experiments showed delayed flowering and reduced seed production of the R biotype, which could possibly result in reduced fitness. This unusual observation needs to be confirmed in field situations.
对来自韩国全罗南道的异型莎草（Cyperus difformis L）种质进行了对磺酰脲类除草剂咪唑磺隆抗性的测试。该种质被确认为抗性（R）类型，并且对其他磺酰脲类除草剂苄嘧磺隆、环丙嘧磺隆和吡嘧磺隆、嘧啶硫苯甲酸类除草剂双草醚以及咪唑啉酮类除草剂咪唑乙烟酸具有交互抗性，但对咪草烟不具有抗性。使用了十二种作用于乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）以外靶标的除草剂来测试多重抗性。R生物型可以被其他具有不同作用方式的除草剂如丁草胺、乙羧氟草醚、氯甲草、噻吩草胺、丙草胺、苯噻酰草胺、恶草酮、丙草胺、吡唑特和杀草丹以推荐剂量施用于土壤来控制。几种基于磺酰脲类除草剂的混合物可以控制异型莎草的R和S生物型，但磺酰脲类与哌草丹、禾草敌或唑啶草酮的混合物以及吡唑特与丁草胺的混合物除外。虽然磺酰脲类除草剂的混合物可能更有效，但应避免使用，仅在特殊情况下使用。就体外ALS活性而言，R生物型对苄嘧磺隆、环丙嘧磺隆、咪唑磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、双草醚和咪唑乙烟酸的抗性分别比S生物型高1139倍、3583倍、1482倍、416倍、5倍和9倍。R生物型的体内ALS活性也比S生物型受磺酰脲类除草剂咪唑磺隆和吡嘧磺隆的影响更小。体外和体内ALS测定结果表明，异型莎草对ALS抑制剂类除草剂的抗性机制主要是由于靶标酶ALS的改变。温室试验表明，R生物型开花延迟且种子产量降低，这可能导致适合度降低。这一异常观察结果需要在田间条件下得到证实。
