Grateron L, Cebada-Sanchez S, Marcos P, Mohedano-Moriano A, Insausti A M, Muñoz M, Arroyo-Jimenez M M, Martinez-Marcos A, Artacho-Perula E, Blaizot X, Insausti R
Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida de Almansa 02006, Albacete, Spain.
J Chem Neuroanat. 2003 Dec;26(4):311-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2003.09.005.
The entorhinal cortex is an essential component in the organization of the human hippocampal formation related to cortical activity. It transfers, neocortical information (ultimately distributed to the dentate gyrus and hippocampus) and receives most of the hippocampal output directed to neocortex. At birth, the human entorhinal cortex presents similar layer organization as in adults, although layer II (cell islands) and upper layer III have a protracted maturation. The presence of interneurons expressing calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin-D28K (calbindin) and calretinin) is well documented in the adult human entorhinal cortex. In many of them the calcium binding is co-localized with GABA. Parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells and fibers were virtually absent at birth, their presence increasing gradually in deep layer III, mostly in the lateral and caudal portions of the entorhinal cortex from the 5th month onwards. Calbindin immunoreactive cells and fibers were present at birth, mainly in layers II and upper III; mostly at rostral and lateral portions of the entorhinal cortex, increasing in number and extending to deep layers from the 5th month onwards. Calretinin immunoreactivity was present at birth, homogeneously distributed over layers I, II and upper V, throughout the entorhinal cortex. A substantial increase in the number of calretinin neurons in layer V was observed at the 5th month. The postnatal development of parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin may have an important role in the functional maturation of the entorhinal cortex through the control of hippocampal, cortical and subcortical information.
内嗅皮质是与皮质活动相关的人类海马结构组织中的一个重要组成部分。它传递新皮质信息（最终分布到齿状回和海马体），并接收大部分导向新皮质的海马输出。出生时，人类内嗅皮质呈现出与成年人相似的分层结构，尽管第二层（细胞岛）和第三层上部的成熟过程较为漫长。在成年人类内嗅皮质中，表达钙结合蛋白（小白蛋白、钙结合蛋白-D28K（钙结合蛋白）和钙视网膜蛋白）的中间神经元的存在已有充分记录。在许多中间神经元中，钙结合与γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）共定位。出生时几乎没有小白蛋白免疫反应性细胞和纤维，从第5个月起，它们在第三层深部逐渐出现，主要在内嗅皮质的外侧和尾侧部分。钙结合蛋白免疫反应性细胞和纤维在出生时就存在，主要在第二层和第三层上部；大多在内嗅皮质的吻侧和外侧部分，从第5个月起数量增加并延伸到深部层。钙视网膜蛋白免疫反应性在出生时就存在，在内嗅皮质的整个第一层、第二层和第五层上部均匀分布。在第5个月时，观察到第五层中钙视网膜蛋白神经元的数量大幅增加。小白蛋白、钙结合蛋白和钙视网膜蛋白的出生后发育可能通过控制海马、皮质和皮质下信息在内嗅皮质的功能成熟中发挥重要作用。
