Burrowes Jerrilynn D
Department of Nutrition, School of Health Professions and Nursing, C.W. Post Campus, Long Island University, 720 Northern Blvd, Brookville, NY 11548-1300, USA.
Adv Ren Replace Ther. 2004 Jan;11(1):97-104. doi: 10.1053/j.arrt.2003.10.014.
Medical nutrition therapy (MNT), nutrition education, and counseling are essential components for effective management of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Patients with ESKD have to alter their diets and to implement new eating behaviors, sometimes irrespective of ethnic and cultural food preferences because of their high content of specific nutrients. Ethnic and cultural factors influence dietary adherence. Therefore, assessing cultural issues surrounding food and food preferences may help improve dietary adherence. A large percentage of the ESKD population in the United States is black and Hispanic, with cultural food preferences that are particularly high in potassium, phosphorus, and sodium. This article provides an overview of the role of culture and ethnicity in food habits and dietary adherence, a list of cultural and ethnic foods that should be examined and incorporated in the development of an appropriate renal diet meal plan for black and Hispanic Americans with ESKD, and practical recommendations for cross-cultural nutrition counseling. If MNT is to be effective in the medical management of patients from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, it must incorporate more traditional and customary foods in the renal diet meal plan.
医学营养治疗（MNT）、营养教育和咨询是终末期肾病（ESKD）有效管理的重要组成部分。ESKD患者必须改变其饮食并实施新的饮食行为，有时由于特定营养素含量高而不得不不顾种族和文化的食物偏好。种族和文化因素会影响饮食依从性。因此，评估围绕食物和食物偏好的文化问题可能有助于提高饮食依从性。美国ESKD人群中很大一部分是黑人和西班牙裔，他们的文化食物偏好中钾、磷和钠含量特别高。本文概述了文化和种族在饮食习惯及饮食依从性中的作用，列出了在为患有ESKD的美国黑人和西班牙裔制定合适的肾脏饮食餐单时应审查并纳入的文化和种族食物，以及跨文化营养咨询的实用建议。如果MNT要在对来自不同文化和种族背景的患者进行医疗管理中发挥作用，就必须在肾脏饮食餐单中纳入更多传统和习惯食物。
