Wang Genxu, Cheng Guodong, Qian Ju
State Key Lab. of Fozen Soil Engineering, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2003 Sep;14(9):1551-6.
Ecological security assessment is the identification and judgment of ecosystem completeness and sustainable ability to maintain ecosystem health under all kinds of risks, the core contents of which are ecological risk assessment and ecological health assessment. Ecological risk identification and ecological vulnerability are the composing elements of ecological risk assessment, while ecological health includes three aspects, i.e., ecological completeness, ecosystem vigor, and ecosystem resilience. In the studies of ecological security assessment, the rational combination of ecological risk and ecological health, and the establishment of integrated measure index system based on confirming spatial scale are needed. At present, risk factor identification index, exposure analysis index, and influence (response) analysis index are the broader construction systems of ecological risk index. Nevertheless, on the basis of the classification of EDI, REI and IRI, the method of superimposing exposure analysis index may be the development direction of establishing index system in the future. Among the methods of quantificational assessment, exposure-response analysis was one of the most extensive method used at present, but ecological model method to assess different-scale ecological security will be the main development field, and focused on the security of ecological processes in the future. Ecological security assessment must be intergraded with ecological prediction, security guarantee and management.
生态安全评估是对生态系统完整性以及在各种风险下维持生态系统健康的可持续能力的识别与判断，其核心内容是生态风险评估和生态健康评估。生态风险识别和生态脆弱性是生态风险评估的组成要素，而生态健康包括生态完整性、生态系统活力和生态系统恢复力三个方面。在生态安全评估研究中，需要将生态风险与生态健康进行合理结合，并在确定空间尺度的基础上建立综合度量指标体系。目前，风险因子识别指标、暴露分析指标和影响（响应）分析指标是生态风险指标较为宽泛的构建体系。然而，在生态暴露度指数（EDI）、生态风险指数（REI）和生态影响指数（IRI）分类的基础上，叠加暴露分析指标的方法可能是未来建立指标体系的发展方向。在定量评估方法中，暴露-响应分析是目前应用最广泛的方法之一，但评估不同尺度生态安全的生态模型方法将是主要的发展领域，且未来将聚焦于生态过程的安全性。生态安全评估必须与生态预测、安全保障和管理相结合。
