Thompson R Houston, Hartman Robert P, Lowe Val J, Kawashima Akira, Leibovich Bradley C
Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Curr Urol Rep. 2004 Feb;5(1):30-4. doi: 10.1007/s11934-004-0008-8.
Most renal masses and cysts are adequately characterized by ultrasonography or computerized tomography. Occasionally, further diagnostic evaluation is needed. Magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as the premier study to evaluate suspected tumor thrombus and to plan the operative technique in challenging cases. Intraoperative ultrasonography is a valuable real-time imaging modality for delineating tumor extent and margins during nephron-sparing surgery and in evaluating the presence of synchronous multifocality. Additionally, localized central renal tumors can be treated with ultrasonography-guided radiofrequency ablation. Positron emission tomography has little use in the diagnostic evaluation of renal masses, but may be useful in staging equivocal cases and in evaluating suspected recurrence or metastases in patients after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.
大多数肾肿块和囊肿通过超声检查或计算机断层扫描就能得到充分的特征描述。偶尔，需要进一步的诊断评估。磁共振成像已成为评估疑似肿瘤血栓以及规划复杂病例手术技术的首要检查方法。术中超声检查是一种有价值的实时成像方式，可用于在保留肾单位手术中描绘肿瘤范围和边界，以及评估是否存在同步多灶性病变。此外，局限性中央型肾肿瘤可用超声引导下的射频消融治疗。正电子发射断层扫描在肾肿块的诊断评估中作用不大，但在对不明确病例进行分期以及评估肾细胞癌肾切除术后患者疑似复发或转移时可能有用。
