Inácio João, Rodrigues Manuel G, Sobral Patrícia, Fonseca Alvaro
Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos (CREM), Secção Autónoma Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
FEMS Yeast Res. 2004 Jan;4(4-5):541-55. doi: 10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00226-5.
Taphrina Fries is a genus of dimorphic ascomycetes comprising more than 90 species distinguished by the specific infections they produce on different vascular plants. Their filamentous states are restricted to parasitised plant tissue whereas the yeast states are saprobic and can be grown on artificial media. The latter coincide with the anamorphic phases and have been given separate nomenclatural status by the erection of the genus Lalaria R.T. Moore. In its original circumscription Lalaria included only 23 yeast states of known species of Taphrina and its creation was then redundant. Here we describe five novel species in the genus Lalaria to accommodate a total of 44 yeast isolates obtained mainly from leaf surfaces (phylloplane) of different plants in Portugal: Lalaria arrabidae sp. nov. (one strain), L. carpini sp. nov. (one strain), L. inositophila sp. nov. (37 strains), L. kurtzmanii sp. nov. (one strain) and L. veronaerambellii sp. nov. (four strains). L. inositophila was notable for its widespread occurrence since it was recovered during two consecutive years from the leaves of miscellaneous plant species. In the absence of sexual states and of unequivocal associations to particular host plants, the taxonomic relationship of the novel species to the yeast states of Taphrina available from culture collections was verified by the comparative analysis of physiological and molecular characteristics. The latter included PCR fingerprinting using single primers for microsatellite regions, sequencing of the 5' end of the 26S rRNA (LSU) gene (D1/D2 domains) and of the ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA spacer regions, and DNA-DNA hybridisation experiments. An emended description of the genus Lalaria is provided.
外囊菌属（Taphrina Fries）是一类二型子囊菌，包含90多个物种，其特征在于它们在不同维管植物上产生的特定感染。它们的丝状状态仅限于寄生的植物组织，而酵母状态是腐生的，可以在人工培养基上生长。后者与无性阶段一致，通过建立拉氏酵母属（Lalaria R.T. Moore）而被赋予了单独的命名地位。在其最初的界定中，拉氏酵母属仅包括外囊菌属已知物种的23个酵母状态，因此它的创建是多余的。在此，我们描述了拉氏酵母属的五个新物种，以容纳总共44株酵母分离株，这些分离株主要从葡萄牙不同植物的叶表面（叶平面）获得：新种阿拉比德拉氏酵母（Lalaria arrabidae sp. nov.）（1株）、新种鹅耳枥拉氏酵母（L. carpini sp. nov.）（1株）、新种肌醇嗜拉氏酵母（L. inositophila sp. nov.）（37株）、新种库茨曼拉氏酵母（L. kurtzmanii sp. nov.）（1株）和新种维罗纳拉姆贝利拉氏酵母（L. veronaerambellii sp. nov.）（4株）。肌醇嗜拉氏酵母因其广泛分布而引人注目，因为它连续两年从多种植物的叶片中分离得到。由于缺乏有性状态以及与特定寄主植物的明确关联，通过对生理和分子特征的比较分析，验证了这些新物种与从培养物保藏中心获得的外囊菌属酵母状态之间的分类关系。后者包括使用微卫星区域单引物进行PCR指纹分析、26S rRNA（LSU）基因5'端（D1/D2结构域）以及ITS1和ITS2 rDNA间隔区的测序，以及DNA-DNA杂交实验。提供了拉氏酵母属的修订描述。
