Herold Thomas, Paetzel Christian, Völk Markus, Bachthaler Maike, Zorger Niels, Feuerbach Stefan, Strotzer Michael, Lenhart Markus
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11 D- 93 042, Germany.
Invest Radiol. 2004 Feb;39(2):65-72. doi: 10.1097/01.rli.0000105040.40925.c8.
To assess the influence of injection rates and volumes on the arrival time of contrast material (CM) in the common carotid artery, the jugular vein and the resulting arterial-venous transit time. Additionally the relationship between injection parameters and the extent of a CM plateau was evaluated.
In 60 patients a CM injection was necessary to investigate suspected cranial disease. All patients were prospectively assigned to 6 protocol groups with varying volumes of gadolinium dimeglumine (2, 10, 20 mL) and injection rates (0.5, 1, 2, 4 mL/s). Simultaneously to the CM injection, 50 repetitive transverse measurements (1/s) were acquired at the level of the common carotid artery. Based on the resulting signal-time curves, the arrival time of the contrast material in the common carotid artery and the jugular vein, the resulting arterial-venous transit time, the peak enhancement and the extent of a CM-plateau were calculated as a function of the injection parameters.
Smaller flow rates (0.5 mL/s) resulted in a longer arrival time in the common carotid artery (mean value 22,6 seconds +/- 2.3) and the jugular vein (mean value 32.6 seconds +/- 2.6) and resulted in longer arterial-venous transit time (mean value 10.1 second +/- 1.9). The volume showed no effect on these parameters. The peak arterial and venous signal intensity and a consistent CM-plateau after 50 seconds were dependent on the volume, but not on the injection rate.
The injection rate showed an influence to the arrival time in the common carotid artery and the jugular vein and also to the arterial-venous transit time. The injected volume only affected the extent of the contrast plateau. A flow rate of 1 to 2 mL/s and a minimum of 20 mL gadolinium dimeglumine are recommended to achieve optimal image quality without venous overlay.
评估注射速率和注射量对造影剂（CM）在颈总动脉、颈静脉的到达时间以及由此产生的动静脉通过时间的影响。此外，还评估了注射参数与CM平台期范围之间的关系。
60例因怀疑有颅脑疾病而需要进行CM注射的患者。所有患者均前瞻性地分为6个方案组，分别采用不同的钆双胺体积（2、10、20 mL）和注射速率（0.5、1、2、4 mL/s）。在注射CM的同时，在颈总动脉水平进行50次重复横向测量（每秒1次）。根据所得的信号-时间曲线，计算造影剂在颈总动脉和颈静脉的到达时间、由此产生的动静脉通过时间、峰值增强以及CM平台期范围，作为注射参数的函数。
较小的流速（0.5 mL/s）导致造影剂在颈总动脉（平均值22.6秒±2.3）和颈静脉（平均值32.6秒±2.6）的到达时间更长，并且导致动静脉通过时间更长（平均值10.1秒±1.9）。注射量对这些参数没有影响。动脉和静脉的峰值信号强度以及50秒后一致的CM平台期取决于注射量，而不取决于注射速率。
注射速率对造影剂在颈总动脉和颈静脉的到达时间以及动静脉通过时间有影响。注射量仅影响造影剂平台期的范围。建议采用1至2 mL/s的流速和至少20 mL钆双胺，以获得最佳图像质量且无静脉重叠。
