Weickert U, Jakobs R, Riemann J F
Medizinische Klinik C, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen gGmbH, Ludwigshafen.
Internist (Berl). 2004 Jan;45(1):42-8. doi: 10.1007/s00108-003-1106-2.
There are several diagnostic tools available in the diagnosis of bile duct cancer. Tumors of the middle and distal part of the extrahepatic bile duct are accessible to endosonography. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERC) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) are the most invasive procedures for diagnosis of bile duct cancer. However, they offer the opportunity to obtain material for cytological or histological investigation. Moreover, bile flow can be assured by inserting endoprostheses during the procedure. Cholangioscopy and/or intraductal ultrasonography can be performed during ERC. They confer to the diagnosis of a malignant bile duct tumor and are the most accurate methods to diagnose the extent of longitudinal spread. Magnetic resonance imaging-cholangiography is an efficient diagnostic procedure which should be used first, if the bile duct tumor is located in the hilar region.
在胆管癌的诊断中有多种诊断工具。肝外胆管中、远端的肿瘤可通过内镜超声检查。内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERC）和经皮经肝胆管造影（PTC）是诊断胆管癌最具侵入性的检查方法。然而，它们提供了获取用于细胞学或组织学检查材料的机会。此外，在检查过程中通过插入内支架可确保胆汁流动。在ERC期间可进行胆管镜检查和/或导管内超声检查。它们有助于诊断恶性胆管肿瘤，是诊断纵向扩散范围最准确的方法。磁共振成像胆管造影是一种有效的诊断方法，如果胆管肿瘤位于肝门区域，应首先使用。
