Chang Gary C, Eigenbrode Sanford D
Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA.
Oecologia. 2004 Mar;139(1):123-30. doi: 10.1007/s00442-003-1485-z. Epub 2004 Jan 22.
Plant traits can affect ecological interactions between plants, herbivores, and predators. Our study tests whether reduced leaf wax in peas alters the interaction between the pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum), a foliar-foraging predator (a lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens) and a ground-foraging predator (a ground beetle, Poecilus scitulus). We performed a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment in which wax level, presence of H. convergens, and presence of P. scitulus were manipulated. Experimental arenas consisted of a cage surrounding three pea plants. One plant in each cage was stocked with 15 pea aphids. In greenhouse and field cage experiments, we assessed the effect of each factor and their interactions on aphid density. As in previous studies, H. convergens foraged for aphids more effectively on reduced wax peas than on normal peas. Other interactions among H. convergens, P. scitulus, and A. pisum were the same on both types of peas. We consider how aphid movement, plant growth, and a high frequency of predation by P. scitulus on H. convergens influenced pea aphid density.
植物性状会影响植物、食草动物和捕食者之间的生态相互作用。我们的研究测试了豌豆叶片蜡质减少是否会改变豌豆蚜（豌豆长管蚜）、叶面觅食的捕食者（一种瓢虫，多异瓢虫）和地面觅食的捕食者（一种步甲，亮胸步甲）之间的相互作用。我们进行了一项2×2×2析因实验，其中对蜡质水平、多异瓢虫的存在与否以及亮胸步甲的存在与否进行了操控。实验场地由一个围绕三株豌豆植物的笼子组成。每个笼子里的一株植物上放置了15只豌豆蚜。在温室和田间笼子实验中，我们评估了每个因素及其相互作用对蚜虫密度的影响。与之前的研究一样，多异瓢虫在蜡质减少的豌豆上比在正常豌豆上更有效地捕食蚜虫。在两种类型的豌豆上，多异瓢虫、亮胸步甲和豌豆长管蚜之间的其他相互作用是相同的。我们考虑了蚜虫移动、植物生长以及亮胸步甲对多异瓢虫的高捕食频率如何影响豌豆蚜密度。
