Mendes Ana P, Rothman Howard B, Sapienza Christine, Brown W S
Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
J Voice. 2003 Dec;17(4):529-43. doi: 10.1067/s0892-1997(03)00083-3.
Vocal training (VT) has, in part, been associated with the distinctions in the physiological, acoustic, and perceptual parameters found in singers' voices versus the voices of nonsingers. This study provides information on the changes in the singing voice as a function of VT over time. Fourteen college voice majors (12 females and 2 males; age range, 17-20 years) were recorded while singing, once a semester, for four consecutive semesters. Acoustic measures included fundamental frequency (F0) and sound pressure level (SPL) of the 10% and 90% levels of the maximum phonational frequency range (MPFR), vibrato pulses per second, vibrato amplitude variation, and the presence of the singer's formant. Results indicated that VT had a significant effect on the MPFR. F0 and SPL of the 90% level of the MPFR and the 90-10% range increased significantly as VT progressed. However, no vibrato or singers' formant differences were detected as a function of training. This longitudinal study not only validates previous cross-sectional research, ie, that VT has a significant effect on the singing voice, but also it demonstrates that these effects can be acoustically detected by the fourth semester of college vocal training.
声乐训练（VT）在一定程度上与歌手声音和非歌手声音在生理、声学和感知参数上的差异有关。本研究提供了随着时间推移，作为VT函数的歌唱声音变化的信息。14名大学声乐专业学生（12名女性和2名男性；年龄范围17 - 20岁）在连续四个学期中，每个学期进行一次歌唱录音。声学测量包括最大发声频率范围（MPFR）的10%和90%水平处的基频（F0）和声压级（SPL）、每秒颤音脉冲数、颤音幅度变化以及歌手共振峰的存在情况。结果表明，VT对MPFR有显著影响。随着VT的进展，MPFR的90%水平处的F0和SPL以及90 - 10%范围显著增加。然而，未检测到作为训练函数的颤音或歌手共振峰差异。这项纵向研究不仅验证了先前的横断面研究，即VT对歌唱声音有显著影响，而且还表明这些影响在大学声乐训练的第四个学期就可以通过声学检测到。
