Maury G, Pilette C, Sibille Y
Service de Médecine Interne, Cliniques Universitaires, UCL Mont-Godinne, Belgique.
Rev Mal Respir. 2003 Dec;20(6 Pt 1):928-39.
Continuous exposure of the respiratory tract to inhaled particles and microbes implies the presence of effective defence mechanisms at a bronchial and alveolar level.
Among the mechanisms involved secretory mucosal immunity contributes considerably to the defence of the bronchial tree. This immunity depends essentially on the active trans-epithelial transport of IgA involved in both innate non-specific and acquired specific immunity. Recently an IgA receptor has been identified on the surface of phagocytes including alveolar macrophages, establishing a link between alveolar and bronchial defences.
The respiratory mucosa represents a crucial interface between the host and its environment, and should provide in the future a new target for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Beyond its function as an anatomical barrier the bronchial epithelium possesses a secretory activity that is essential for the protection of the lung. Despite a better understanding of mucosal immunity this secretory activity and in particular the part played by IgA remains to be elucidated.
呼吸道持续暴露于吸入的颗粒和微生物意味着在支气管和肺泡水平存在有效的防御机制。
在涉及的机制中，分泌性黏膜免疫对支气管树的防御有很大贡献。这种免疫主要依赖于参与先天非特异性免疫和后天特异性免疫的IgA的主动跨上皮转运。最近，在包括肺泡巨噬细胞在内的吞噬细胞表面发现了一种IgA受体，在肺泡防御和支气管防御之间建立了联系。
呼吸道黏膜是宿主与其环境之间的关键界面，未来应成为诊断和治疗工具开发的新靶点。
除了作为解剖屏障的功能外，支气管上皮还具有对肺保护至关重要的分泌活性。尽管对黏膜免疫有了更好的理解，但这种分泌活性，尤其是IgA所起的作用仍有待阐明。
