Tourangeau Roger
Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, and Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2004;55:775-801. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142040.
Surveys reflect societal change in a way that few other research tools do. Over the past two decades, three developments have transformed surveys. First, survey organizations have adopted new methods for selecting telephone samples; these new methods were made possible by the creation of large databases that include all listed telephone numbers in the United States. A second development has been the widespread decline in response rates for all types of surveys. In the face of this problem, survey researchers have developed new theories of nonresponse that build on the persuasion literature in social psychology. Finally, surveys have adopted many new methods of data collection; the new modes reflect technological developments in computing and the emergence of the Internet. Research has spawned several theories that examine how characteristics of the data collection method shape the answers obtained. Rapid change in survey methods is likely to continue in the coming years.
调查以一种其他研究工具很少能做到的方式反映社会变化。在过去二十年里，有三项发展改变了调查。首先，调查机构采用了新的方法来选择电话样本；这些新方法因创建了包含美国所有列出电话号码的大型数据库而成为可能。第二项发展是各类调查的回应率普遍下降。面对这个问题，调查研究人员基于社会心理学中的说服文献，开发了新的无回应理论。最后，调查采用了许多新的数据收集方法；这些新模式反映了计算技术的发展和互联网的出现。研究催生了几种理论，探讨数据收集方法的特征如何塑造所获得的答案。未来几年，调查方法可能会继续迅速变化。
