Kubsch Sylvia M, Sternard Marsha J, Hovarter Rebecca, Matzke Vicki
University of Wisconsin Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311-7001, USA.
Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery. 2004 Feb;10(1):37-45. doi: 10.1016/S1353-6117(03)00083-0.
Although advocacy is embraced by nursing as an essential component of holistic philosophy, its scope is often limited in practice. In this article, a research study that examined the use of an expanded definition of advocacy is described. A link to the role of advocacy as a complementary therapy and in relation to facilitating the use of complementary therapies by patients is provided. Fifty-two registered nurses completed a researcher developed advocacy research instrument that assessed the use of moral-ethical, legal, political, spiritual, and substitutive advocacy along with various factors thought to influence the use of advocacy including moral development, perceived assertiveness, and perceived job security. An additional 40 RN-BSN students generated case studies of advocacy enacted in practice that were used as examples of the five categories of advocacy and to support the findings of the survey. Results indicated that moral-ethical advocacy was used more often than the other four categories. Moral stage development had a significant effect on substitutive advocacy but assertiveness and job security were not significant factors influencing any category of advocacy.
尽管倡导被护理领域视为整体理念的重要组成部分，但在实践中其范围往往受到限制。本文描述了一项研究，该研究探讨了对倡导的扩展定义的运用。文中还提供了倡导作为一种补充疗法的作用以及与促进患者使用补充疗法之间的联系。52名注册护士完成了一份由研究人员开发的倡导研究工具，该工具评估了道德伦理、法律、政治、精神和替代性倡导的运用情况，以及各种被认为会影响倡导运用的因素，包括道德发展、感知到的自信和感知到的工作安全感。另外40名护理学学士学生生成了在实践中实施倡导的案例研究，这些案例被用作五类倡导的示例，并用以支持调查结果。结果表明，道德伦理倡导的使用频率高于其他四类。道德阶段发展对替代性倡导有显著影响，但自信和工作安全感并非影响任何一类倡导的重要因素。
