Rastetter William, Molina Arturo, White Christine A
IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 3030 Callan Road, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 2004;55:477-503. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.104249.
Rituximab (Rituxan) is a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets the B-cell CD20 antigen and causes rapid and specific B-cell depletion. Rituximab was approved in the United States in 1997 to treat low-grade or follicular, relapsed or refractory, CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Since then, further clinical experience with rituximab has been incorporated into the prescribing information, which now stipulates an extended eight-week schedule, treatment of patients with refractory or relapsed bulky disease measuring >10 cm, and retreatment of patients who responded to rituximab previously. In 1998, the European Union approved rituximab (MabThera) to treat stage III/IV, follicular, chemotherapy-resistant, or relapsed NHL. Recently, the European Union also approved the use of rituximab in combination with standard chemotherapy for aggressive NHL. Many clinical trials have evaluated rituximab, alone or with other therapies, in indolent and aggressive NHL as well as other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. New studies are evaluating rituximab's role in first-line therapy, maintenance therapy, and stem-cell transplantation procedures. The use of rituximab against autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis, is also under investigation.
利妥昔单抗（美罗华）是一种人鼠嵌合单克隆抗体，靶向B细胞CD20抗原，可迅速特异性地清除B细胞。1997年，利妥昔单抗在美国获批用于治疗低度或滤泡性、复发或难治性、CD20阳性B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）。从那时起，有关利妥昔单抗的更多临床经验被纳入了处方信息，目前规定了延长至八周的给药方案、治疗直径>10 cm的难治性或复发性大包块疾病患者以及曾对利妥昔单抗有反应的患者的再治疗。1998年，欧盟批准利妥昔单抗（美罗华）用于治疗III/IV期、滤泡性、化疗耐药或复发的NHL。最近，欧盟还批准利妥昔单抗与标准化疗联合用于侵袭性NHL。许多临床试验评估了利妥昔单抗单独或与其他疗法联合用于惰性和侵袭性NHL以及其他B细胞淋巴增殖性疾病的疗效。新的研究正在评估利妥昔单抗在一线治疗、维持治疗和干细胞移植程序中的作用。利妥昔单抗用于治疗自身免疫性疾病，如类风湿性关节炎、免疫性血小板减少性紫癜、自身免疫性溶血性贫血、系统性红斑狼疮和多发性硬化症，也正在研究中。
