Peperkamp Sharon
Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, EHESS -ENS- CNRS, Paris, France.
Lang Speech. 2003;46(Pt 2-3):87-113. doi: 10.1177/00238309030460020401.
Infants' phonological acquisition during the first 18 months of life has been some 30 years. Current research themes include statistical learning mechanisms, early lexical development, and models of phonetic category perception. So far, linguistic theories have hardly been taken into account. These theories are based upon the assumption that there is a common core of innate phonological knowledge across speakers of all human languages, and they contain detailed proposals concerning phonological representations and the derivations by which abstract underlying forms are mapped onto concrete surface forms. It remains to be investigated experimentally if there is innate phonological knowledge and how the language-specific phonological grammar is acquired. In the present article, the contributions to this special issue are introduced, and an attempt is made to bridge the gap between phonological theory and experimental psychology. In particular, some recent experimental work is considered in the light of phonological theories and new research avenues are sketched. What might be innate, what needs to be acquired, and how this acquisition might take place are questions that are addressed with respect to several aspects of phonological knowledge, specifically segmental representations, phonotactics, phonological processes, and the architecture of the phonological grammar.
婴儿在出生后的18个月内的语音习得研究已经开展了约30年。当前的研究主题包括统计学习机制、早期词汇发展以及语音类别感知模型。到目前为止，语言学理论几乎未被考虑在内。这些理论基于这样一种假设，即所有人类语言的使用者都有一个共同的先天语音知识核心，并且它们包含有关语音表征以及将抽象底层形式映射到具体表层形式的推导过程的详细提议。是否存在先天语音知识以及特定语言的语音语法是如何习得的，仍有待通过实验进行研究。在本文中，介绍了对这个特刊的贡献，并试图弥合语音理论与实验心理学之间的差距。特别是，根据语音理论对一些近期的实验工作进行了探讨，并勾勒了新的研究途径。关于语音知识的几个方面，特别是音段表征、音位配列、语音过程以及语音语法的结构，探讨了哪些可能是先天的、哪些需要习得以及这种习得可能如何发生等问题。
