Moritz Henning, Stöferle Thilo, Köhl Michael, Esslinger Tilman
Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
Phys Rev Lett. 2003 Dec 19;91(25):250402. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.250402. Epub 2003 Dec 18.
We report on the realization of a trapped one-dimensional Bose gas and its characterization by means of measuring its lowest lying collective excitations. The quantum degenerate Bose gas is prepared in a 2D optical lattice, and we find the ratio of the frequencies of the lowest compressional (breathing) mode and the dipole mode to be (omega(B)/omega(D))(2) approximately 3.1, in accordance with the Lieb-Liniger and mean-field theory. For a thermal gas we measure (omega(B)/omega(D))(2) approximately 4. By heating the quantum degenerate gas, we have studied the transition between the two regimes. For the lowest number of particles attainable in the experiment the kinetic energy of the system is similar to the interaction energy, and we enter the strongly interacting regime.
我们报告了捕获的一维玻色气体的实现及其通过测量其最低集体激发进行的表征。量子简并玻色气体在二维光学晶格中制备，并且我们发现最低压缩（呼吸）模式和偶极模式的频率比为(ω(B)/ω(D))²约为3.1，这与利布 - 林格理论和平均场理论一致。对于热气体，我们测量到(ω(B)/ω(D))²约为4。通过加热量子简并气体，我们研究了两种状态之间的转变。对于实验中可达到的最低粒子数，系统的动能与相互作用能相似，并且我们进入了强相互作用状态。
