Calderwood David A
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Sterling Hall of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
J Cell Sci. 2004 Feb 15;117(Pt 5):657-66. doi: 10.1242/jcs.01014.
The ability of cells to regulate dynamically their adhesion to one another and to the extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds them is essential in multicellular organisms. The integrin family of transmembrane adhesion receptors mediates both cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion. One important, rapid and reversible mechanism for regulating adhesion is by increasing the affinity of integrin receptors for their extracellular ligands (integrin activation). This is controlled by intracellular signals that, through their action on integrin cytoplasmic domains, induce conformational changes in integrin extracellular domains that result in increased affinity for ligand. Recent studies have shed light on the final intracellular steps in this process and have revealed a vital role for the cytoskeletal protein talin.
细胞动态调节彼此之间以及与周围细胞外基质（ECM）黏附的能力在多细胞生物中至关重要。跨膜黏附受体整合素家族介导细胞间和细胞与ECM的黏附。一种重要、快速且可逆的调节黏附的机制是通过增加整合素受体对其细胞外配体的亲和力（整合素激活）。这由细胞内信号控制，这些信号通过作用于整合素细胞质结构域，诱导整合素细胞外结构域的构象变化，从而导致对配体的亲和力增加。最近的研究阐明了这一过程中最终的细胞内步骤，并揭示了细胞骨架蛋白踝蛋白的关键作用。
