Gnanvossou Désiré, Yaninek J Steve, Hanna Rachid, Dicke Marcel
Biological Control Centre for Africa, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, B.P. 08-0932, Cotonou, Benin.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2003;30(4):265-78. doi: 10.1023/b:appa.0000008469.57888.82.
The effects of prey mite suitability on several demographic characteristics of phytoseiid predators and the relationship of these effects to the potential of phytoseiid predators to control herbivorous mite populations are well documented. Evidence has also accumulated in the last 20 years demonstrating that phytoseiid predators utilize herbivorous prey mite-induced plant volatiles as olfactory cues in locating their herbivorous mite prey. but less well established is the predictability of reproductive success from the ability of the predators to utilize olfactory cues to locate their prey, and how these processes are related to the success of the predators as biological control agents of the herbivorous mite. In this study, we determined in laboratory no choice experiments, the development, survivorship and fecundity of the two neotropical phytoseiid predators Typhlodromalus manihoti Moraes and T. aripo DeLeon when feeding on three herbivorous mites, including the key prey species Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar), and the two alternative prey species Oligonychus gossypii (Zacher) and Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of T. aripo was 2.1 fold higher on M. tanajoa as prey compared with T. urticae as prey, while it was almost nil on O. gossypii. For T. manihoti, rm was 2.3 fold higher on M. tanajoa as prey compared with O. gossypii as prey, while reproduction was nil on T. urticae. An independent experiment on odor-related prey preference of the two predator species (Gnanvossou et al. 2002) showed that T. manihoti and T. aripo preferred odors from M. tanajoa-infested leaves to odors from O. gossypii-infested leaves. Moreover, both predator species preferred odors from M. tanajoa-infested leaves over those from T. urticae-infested leaves. As reported here, life history of the two predatory mites matches odor-related prey preference if the key prey species is compared to the two inferior prey species. The implications of our findings for the persistence of T. manihoti and T. aripo and biological control of M. tanajoa in the cassava agroecosystem in Africa are discussed.
猎物螨的适宜性对植绥螨捕食者若干种群统计学特征的影响，以及这些影响与植绥螨捕食者控制植食性螨类种群潜力之间的关系已有充分记录。在过去20年里也积累了证据，表明植绥螨捕食者利用植食性猎物螨诱导的植物挥发物作为嗅觉线索来定位其植食性螨类猎物。但是，根据捕食者利用嗅觉线索定位猎物的能力来预测繁殖成功率，以及这些过程如何与捕食者作为植食性螨类生物防治剂的成功相关，这些方面尚不太明确。在本研究中，我们在实验室无选择实验中，测定了两种新热带植绥螨捕食者——马氏盲走螨（Typhlodromalus manihoti Moraes）和阿里坡盲走螨（T. aripo DeLeon）取食三种植食性螨类（包括关键猎物物种塔纳若单爪螨（Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar)）以及两种替代猎物物种棉叶螨（Oligonychus gossypii (Zacher)）和二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae (Koch)）时的发育、存活和繁殖力。以塔纳若单爪螨为猎物时，阿里坡盲走螨的内禀增长率（rm）比以二斑叶螨为猎物时高2.1倍，而以棉叶螨为猎物时几乎为零。对于马氏盲走螨，以塔纳若单爪螨为猎物时的rm比以棉叶螨为猎物时高2.3倍，而以二斑叶螨为猎物时则不繁殖。一项关于这两种捕食者与气味相关的猎物偏好的独立实验（Gnanvossou等人，2002年）表明，马氏盲走螨和阿里坡盲走螨更喜欢来自受塔纳若单爪螨侵染叶片的气味，而不是来自受棉叶螨侵染叶片的气味。此外，这两种捕食者都更喜欢来自受塔纳若单爪螨侵染叶片的气味，而不是来自受二斑叶螨侵染叶片的气味。如本文所报道的，如果将关键猎物物种与两种劣质猎物物种进行比较，这两种捕食性螨类的生活史与气味相关的猎物偏好相匹配。我们讨论了这些发现对马氏盲走螨和阿里坡盲走螨在非洲木薯农业生态系统中的持久性以及塔纳若单爪螨生物防治的意义。
