Martin Donna M, Raphael Yehoash
Departments of Pediatric Genetics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 9220B MSRB-3, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0648, USA.
Int Tinnitus J. 2003;9(1):3-10.
The etiology of tinnitus combines hereditary and environmental factors. To help develop optimal therapies for tinnitus, it is necessary to characterize the genetic contributors to the pathophysiology and to design treatments at the level of the gene. Inner ear gene therapy involves delivery of genes into the vestibular or auditory portions of the inner ear for preventive or reparative therapies at the level of the sensory epithelium or the eighth nerve neurons. BDNF and GDNF are among the neurotrophic factors shown to be overexpressed with gene therapy and to protect the inner ear against trauma. Combined treatment with Ad.GDNF and electrical stimulation provided enhanced preservation of denervated spiral ganglion neurons. The use of viral vectors for gene therapy may involve side effects, including immune response to the viral proteins. Treatment with immunosuppressive medications can reduce the negative consequences of adenovirus-mediated gene therapy.
耳鸣的病因包括遗传和环境因素。为了帮助开发针对耳鸣的最佳治疗方法，有必要确定对病理生理学起作用的基因因素，并在基因层面设计治疗方案。内耳基因治疗是将基因导入内耳的前庭或听觉部分，以便在感觉上皮或第八神经神经元层面进行预防性或修复性治疗。BDNF和GDNF是经基因治疗后显示出过度表达并能保护内耳免受损伤的神经营养因子。Ad.GDNF与电刺激联合治疗能增强对失神经螺旋神经节神经元的保护。使用病毒载体进行基因治疗可能会有副作用，包括对病毒蛋白的免疫反应。使用免疫抑制药物进行治疗可以减少腺病毒介导的基因治疗的负面后果。
