Kamphuis J, Meijer E M, Boesten W H, Sonke T, van den Tweel W J, Schoemaker H E
DSM Research, Bio-Organic Chemistry Section, Geleen, The Netherlands.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992 Nov 30;672:510-27.
Amino acids play an important role in biochemistry and chemistry. They are the building blocks of proteins and play an essential role in the regulation of the metabolism of living organisms. In general, it can be stated that microbial processes (fermentation) are the industrial production methods of choice for large-scale production of naturally occurring proteinogenic L-alpha-H-amino acids, while for the production of synthetic D- and/or L-alpha-H-amino acids, several other methods are highly competitive. At DSM, several routes, i.e., (chemoenzymatic) synthesis, towards L-alpha-H and D-alpha-H-amino acids have been elaborated since the midseventies. A general process for the synthesis of natural as well as synthetic optically pure amino acids has been developed, using an enzymatic kinetic resolution step on racemic amino acid amides as the key step. In this case, both enantiomers of the alpha-H-amino acids are prepared in one single step. This process has been commercialized since 1988. More recent developments using L- or D-amino peptidases in combination with amino acid amide racemases and an asymmetric transformation concept are discussed.
氨基酸在生物化学和化学领域发挥着重要作用。它们是蛋白质的组成部分，在生物体新陈代谢的调节中起着至关重要的作用。一般来说，可以说微生物过程（发酵）是大规模生产天然存在的蛋白质ogenic L-α-H-氨基酸的首选工业生产方法，而对于合成D-和/或L-α-H-氨基酸的生产，其他几种方法也极具竞争力。自70年代中期以来，帝斯曼公司已经开发了几种生产L-α-H-和D-α-H-氨基酸的路线，即（化学酶法）合成。利用外消旋氨基酸酰胺的酶促动力学拆分步骤作为关键步骤，已经开发出了一种合成天然以及合成光学纯氨基酸的通用方法。在这种情况下，α-H-氨基酸的两种对映体可以在一步反应中制备出来。该工艺自1988年起实现了商业化。文中还讨论了使用L-或D-氨基酸肽酶与氨基酸酰胺消旋酶相结合以及不对称转化概念的最新进展。
