Fischman M G, Lim C H
Motor Behavior Center, Department of Health & Human Performance, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
J Mot Behav. 1991 Mar;23(1):39-50. doi: 10.1080/00222895.1991.9941592.
Two experiments describe the effects of extended practice on the development of motor control programs for simple target-striking responses. In Experiment 1,400 right-hand trials of simple one-target and two-target striking tasks were performed. In Experiment 2,600 practice trials were given. Overall reaction time (RT) was faster for the one-target condition in both experiments, supporting a response complexity effect. Movement time (MT) for both conditions improved linearly with practice, suggesting that development of the motor control programs was still occurring. Subjects then transferred to a three-target condition for 50 trials, performing the transfer task with the right hand in Experiment 1, and with right and left hands in Experiment 2. Transfer to the three-target conditions produced execution errors in the form of failure to contact the second target and repetitive tapping on the third target. These results suggest that extensive practice may serve to firmly entrench a response sequence, making it difficult to implement a similar, but unique, motor control program. An interpretation in terms of automaticity and enhanced priming of behavioral and neural pathways is offered to account for these results.
两项实验描述了长时间练习对简单击打目标反应的运动控制程序发展的影响。在实验1中，进行了400次右手的简单单目标和双目标击打任务试验。在实验2中，进行了600次练习试验。在两个实验中，单目标条件下的总体反应时间（RT）都更快，支持了反应复杂性效应。两种条件下的运动时间（MT）都随着练习呈线性改善，表明运动控制程序仍在发展。然后，受试者转移到三目标条件下进行50次试验，在实验1中用右手执行转移任务，在实验2中用右手和左手执行。转移到三目标条件下产生了执行错误，表现为未能击中第二个目标以及对第三个目标的重复敲击。这些结果表明，大量练习可能会使反应序列牢固确立，从而难以实施类似但独特的运动控制程序。本文从自动性以及行为和神经通路的增强启动方面进行了解释，以说明这些结果。
