Martial Jenny, Morice Yoann, Abel Sylvie, Cabié André, Rat Christelle, Lombard Frédéric, Edouard André, Pierre-Louis Serge, Garsaud Philippe, Béra Odile, Chout Roger, Gordien Emmanuel, Deny Paul, Césaire Raymond
Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie. Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Feb;42(2):784-91. doi: 10.1128/JCM.42.2.784-791.2004.
Molecular epidemiological studies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Caribbean may help to specify the origin and spread of HCV infection. Indeed, the Caribbean population is intermixed from European and African origins and geographically close to the American continent. We characterized HCV genotypes in the Caribbean island of Martinique. HCV genotypes were analyzed by sequencing or reverse hybridization in the 5' noncoding region (5'NC) in 250 HCV-monoinfected and 85 HCV-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected patients. In addition, sequencing in the nonstructural 5B (NS5B) gene was required to determine the subtype or to perform phylogenetic analysis in selected samples. Genotypes 1 to 6 were found, respectively, in 84.4, 6.8, 5.2, 2.8, 0.4, and 0.4% of 250 HCV-monoinfected patients and in 71.7, 7.1, 15.3, 5.9, 0, and 0% of 85 HCV-HIV-coinfected patients. HCV-1b was found in 66.4% of the HCV-monoinfected patients and was associated with blood transfusion, whereas HCV-1a was detected in 41.2% of the HCV-HIV-coinfected patients and was associated with intravenous drug use (IVDU). The HCV-3 strains belonged to subtype 3a and were linked to IVDU. Phylogenetic analyses were focused on HCV-2 and HCV-4, which are common in Africa. Two opposite patterns were evidenced. NS5B sequences from 19 HCV-2 isolates were affiliated with many different subtypes described either in Europe or in West Africa, suggesting an ancient radiation. In contrast, seven of the nine HCV-4 NS5B sequences ranged within HCV-4a and HCV-4d clusters spreading in continental France by the IVDU route. Epidemiological data demonstrate the recent introduction of HCV-4a and -4d subtypes into the Caribbean.
对加勒比地区丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）进行分子流行病学研究，可能有助于明确HCV感染的起源和传播情况。实际上，加勒比地区的人群混合了欧洲和非洲血统，且在地理位置上靠近美洲大陆。我们对马提尼克岛这个加勒比海岛屿上的HCV基因型进行了特征分析。在250例HCV单一感染患者和85例HCV与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）合并感染患者中，通过对5'非编码区（5'NC）进行测序或反向杂交来分析HCV基因型。此外，需要对非结构5B（NS5B）基因进行测序，以确定亚型或对选定样本进行系统发育分析。在250例HCV单一感染患者中，分别发现1至6型HCV的比例为84.4%、6.8%、5.2%、2.8%、0.4%和0.4%；在85例HCV-HIV合并感染患者中，相应比例分别为71.7%、7.1%、15.3%、5.9%、0和0%。在66.4%的HCV单一感染患者中发现了HCV-1b，它与输血有关；而在41.2%的HCV-HIV合并感染患者中检测到了HCV-1a，它与静脉注射吸毒（IVDU）有关。HCV-3毒株属于3a亚型，与IVDU有关。系统发育分析聚焦于在非洲较为常见的HCV-2和HCV-4。发现了两种相反的模式。19株HCV-2分离株的NS5B序列与在欧洲或西非描述的许多不同亚型相关，这表明是一个古老的辐射现象。相比之下，9株HCV-4 NS5B序列中有7株位于通过IVDU途径在法国大陆传播的HCV-4a和HCV-4d簇内。流行病学数据表明，HCV-4a和-4d亚型是最近传入加勒比地区的。
