Steinbüchel A, Hustede E, Liebergesell M, Pieper U, Timm A, Valentin H
Institut für Mikrobiologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, FRG.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1992 Dec;9(2-4):217-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05841.x.
The current knowledge on the structure and on the organization of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA)-biosynthetic genes from a wide range of different bacteria, which rely on different pathways for biosynthesis of this storage polyesters, is provided. Molecular data will be shown for genes of Alcaligenes eutrophus, purple non-sulfur bacteria, such as Rhodospirillum rubrum, purple sulfur bacteria, such as Chromatium vinosum, pseudomonads belonging to rRNA homology group I, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methylobacterium extorquens, and for the Gram-positive bacterium Rhodococcus ruber. Three different types of PHA synthases can be distinguished with respect to their substrate specificity and structure. Strategies for the cloning of PHA synthase structural genes will be outlined which are based on the knowledge of conserved regions of PHA synthase structural genes and of the PHA-biosynthetic routes in bacteria as well as on the heterologous expression of these genes and on the availability of mutants impaired in the accumulation of PHA. In addition, a terminology for the designation of PHAs and of proteins and genes relevant for the metabolism of PHA is suggested.
本文提供了关于多种不同细菌中聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）生物合成基因的结构和组织的现有知识，这些细菌依靠不同途径来生物合成这种储存聚酯。将展示产碱杆菌、紫色非硫细菌（如深红红螺菌）、紫色硫细菌（如葡萄酒色嗜硫菌）、属于rRNA同源群I的假单胞菌（如铜绿假单胞菌、扭脱甲基杆菌）以及革兰氏阳性菌红球菌的基因的分子数据。根据底物特异性和结构可区分出三种不同类型的PHA合酶。将概述PHA合酶结构基因的克隆策略，这些策略基于对PHA合酶结构基因保守区域和细菌中PHA生物合成途径的了解，以及基于这些基因的异源表达和PHA积累受损突变体的可用性。此外，还建议了一种用于命名PHA以及与PHA代谢相关的蛋白质和基因的术语。
