Robins Richard W, Mendelsohn Gerald A, Connell Joanie B, Kwan Virginia S Y
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8686, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004 Feb;86(2):334-44. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.334.
Two studies examined consistency and agreement in behavior ratings and causal attributions. In Study 1, participants (N = 280) engaged in a series of getting-acquainted conversations in one of 3 communication media (face-to-face, telephone, computer mediated); in Study 2, participants (N = 120) engaged in a competitive group task. In both studies, participants rated themselves and their interaction partners on a set of behaviors and then made attributions about the causes of those behaviors. The major findings were that (a) participants consistently favored some causal factors over others in explaining both their own and their partners' behavior, supporting the existence of generalized attributional styles; and (b) participants showed moderate self-partner and partner-partner agreement about behavior but virtually no agreement about the causes of behavior. Thus, in brief interactions people tend to see themselves and others through the lens of their stable patterns of perceiving and interpreting behavior.
两项研究考察了行为评分和因果归因的一致性与相符性。在研究1中，参与者（N = 280）在三种沟通媒介之一（面对面、电话、计算机介导）中进行了一系列相互了解的对话；在研究2中，参与者（N = 120）参与了一项竞争性小组任务。在两项研究中，参与者对自己和他们的互动伙伴在一系列行为上进行了评分，然后对这些行为的原因进行了归因。主要研究结果是：（a）在解释自己和伙伴的行为时，参与者始终更倾向于某些因果因素而非其他因素，这支持了普遍存在的归因风格；（b）参与者在行为方面表现出适度的自我与伙伴以及伙伴与伙伴之间的相符性，但在行为原因方面几乎没有相符性。因此，在简短互动中，人们倾向于通过自己感知和解释行为的稳定模式来看待自己和他人。
