Emmrich P, Horn L C
Institut für Pathologische Anatomie, Bereiches Medizin der Universität Leipzig, Deutschland.
Zentralbl Pathol. 1992 Nov;138(5):317-24.
Benign and malignant tumours of the umbilical cord and placenta are the topics covered in Part XII of this general account under the above heading. Angiomas, angiofibromas and teratomas, all of them of rare occurrence, are the benign tumours, with the chorioangioma being the best known of them. The trophoblast tumours proper include chorionic epitheliomas and choriocarcinomas. While histological differentiation is not possible between these two, they still are biologically benign or malignant. They may develop in the wake of normal pregnancy or abortion or hydatidiform mole. Southeast Asia is a geographically preferred region for hydatidiform mole and chorionic epithelioma. Differentiated growth behaviours of trophoblast tumours are attributable to immunological aspects. It is certainly a rare event to have a high degree of tissue compatibility (HLA antigens) between tumour and maternal organism. This may at least offer an explanation for the low incidence of choriocarcinomas in the northern hemisphere. In Southeast Asia, efforts should be made to clear up the causative background of high incidence of hydatidiform mole, since the latter most probably is the basis for development of choriocarcinoma.
脐带和胎盘的良性及恶性肿瘤是本综述第十二部分在上述标题下所涵盖的主题。血管瘤、血管纤维瘤和畸胎瘤均较为罕见，它们属于良性肿瘤，其中绒毛膜血管瘤最为人所知。真正的滋养层肿瘤包括绒毛膜上皮瘤和绒毛膜癌。尽管这两者之间无法进行组织学区分，但它们在生物学上仍有良性或恶性之分。它们可在正常妊娠、流产或葡萄胎之后发生。东南亚是葡萄胎和绒毛膜上皮瘤在地理上较为高发的地区。滋养层肿瘤不同的生长行为归因于免疫学方面。肿瘤与母体机体之间具有高度的组织相容性（HLA抗原）确实是罕见情况。这至少可以解释北半球绒毛膜癌发病率较低的原因。在东南亚，应努力查明葡萄胎高发的病因背景，因为葡萄胎很可能是绒毛膜癌发生的基础。
