Glycocalyx heterogeneity in normal and hydropic cochleas of the guinea pig.

The endo- and perilymphatic glycocalyx of the cochlear epithelia were investigated ultrastructurally in normal and hydropic cochleas using the electron-dense markers cationized ferritin and colloidal thorium. In the normal cochleas all epithelial surfaces showed reactivity with both markers. Using cationized ferritin, no regional differences in reactivity could be demonstrated. With colloidal thorium, however, the apical membranes of the outer hair cells reacted more intensely than either the basolateral membranes or the membranes of the supporting cells of the organ of Corti. Cationized ferritin reactivity was not affected by digestion with either neuraminidase or hyaluronidase. In contrast, colloidal thorium reactivity of the endolymphatic surfaces was greatly reduced after neuraminidase digestion. Reactivity of the cell membranes lining the perilymphatic compartments of the cochlea was less affected by neuraminidase digestion, except for the basolateral membranes of the sensory and supporting cells of the organ of Corti, which demonstrated a greatly reduced reactivity. These findings indicate that the glycocalyx of the epithelial surfaces lining the endolymphatic compartment has a high content of sialic acid. The differences that are observed in normal cochleas in regard to colloidal thorium reactivity between the apical membranes of the outer hair cells and the membranes of the Deiters' cells, could not be demonstrated in hydropic cochleas. This probably contributes to the early functional changes in outer hair cells observed in experimental hydrops.