Calogero M, Nelson T O
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Am J Psychol. 1992 Winter;105(4):565-73.
We examined whether subjects use base-rate information about item difficulty when making feeling-of-knowing judgments for items they failed to recall. First, the subjects attempted to recall the answers to general-information questions. Then, for those items they recalled incorrectly, half of the subjects received information about the normative probability of recall of each item while judging their feeling of knowing. The other subjects made their feeling-of-knowing judgments without receiving any base-rate information. Finally, all subjects had a forced-choice recognition test on those items to validate the accuracy of their feeling-of-knowing judgments. Relative to the no-base-rate information group, the base-rate group had lower feelings of knowing for normatively difficult items and higher feelings of knowing for normatively easier items. Subjects who had received base-rate information during the judgment state had greater feeling-of-knowing accuracy than subjects who did not receive base-rate information. However, even the predictions from subjects who received base-rate information were not significantly more accurate for predicting subsequent recognition than were the predictions derived from normative information alone.
我们研究了在对未能回忆起来的项目进行知晓感判断时，受试者是否会使用有关项目难度的基础比率信息。首先，受试者尝试回忆常识性问题的答案。然后，对于那些他们回忆错误的项目，一半的受试者在判断知晓感时会收到每个项目回忆的规范概率信息。其他受试者在不接收任何基础比率信息的情况下做出知晓感判断。最后，所有受试者对这些项目进行强制选择识别测试，以验证他们知晓感判断的准确性。相对于无基础比率信息组，基础比率组对规范上较难的项目的知晓感较低，而对规范上较容易的项目的知晓感较高。在判断阶段收到基础比率信息的受试者比未收到基础比率信息的受试者具有更高的知晓感准确性。然而，即使是收到基础比率信息的受试者所做的预测，在预测后续识别方面也并不比仅从规范信息得出的预测显著更准确。
