Determinants of preventive practices of general practitioners in Torino, Italy.

We conducted a study of general practitioners in Torino, Italy, to determine their patterns of preventive practice. We examined a set of primary and secondary preventive interventions and their determinants. We explored the determinants of primary preventive interventions (antismoking and alcohol abuse counseling, counseling for prevention of accidents at home among the elderly, flu vaccination for the elderly, and counseling on contraceptive use) and cancer early detection techniques (chest x rays and sputum cytology for lung cancer; mammography, physical examination, teaching of breast self-examination, and Papanicolaou [Pap] smear for gynecological cancers). Grouping determinants in cognitive, sociodemographic, and organization factors, we found different patterns for each maneuver. Cognitive factors played an important role, but their importance varied for each intervention. We found that smoking behavior of physicians predicted antismoking counseling. Further, the availability of other primary care services is an important factor in the early detection of gynecological cancers.