Sullivan C B, Miller M, Feldman R, Dowd B
Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA), Washington, DC.
Health Aff (Millwood). 1992 Winter;11(4):172-85. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.11.4.172.
Since 1987 the Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA) has documented features of employer-sponsored group health insurance through detailed surveys of over 3,000 U.S. firms. The 1991 employer survey reveals several noteworthy developments. The percentage of small firms (100 employees and under) that offer health insurance to their employees has declined since 1989. With a significant increase in health maintenance organization (HMO) market share, more than half (54 percent) of employees in employer-sponsored plans are now covered by managed care plans. Premiums increased 14 percent in 1991, showing identical increases for conventional, HMO, and preferred provider organization (PPO) plans. The percentage of employees in self-insured health plans decreased from 45 percent in 1990 to 40 percent in 1991.
自1987年以来，美国健康保险协会（HIAA）通过对3000多家美国公司进行详细调查，记录了雇主赞助的团体健康保险的特点。1991年的雇主调查揭示了几个值得注意的发展情况。自1989年以来，为员工提供健康保险的小公司（100名员工及以下）的比例有所下降。随着健康维护组织（HMO）市场份额的显著增加，现在超过一半（54%）参加雇主赞助计划的员工都加入了管理式医疗计划。1991年保费上涨了14%，传统计划、HMO计划和优选提供者组织（PPO）计划的涨幅相同。参加自保健康计划的员工比例从1990年的45%降至1991年的40%。
