Hochachka P W, Stanley C, McKenzie D C, Villena A, Monge C
Dept. of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Int J Sports Med. 1992 Oct;13 Suppl 1:S119-22. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024613.
During incremental exercise to fatigue under hypobaric hypoxia, Andean Quechua natives form and accumulate less plasma lactate than do lowlanders under similar conditions. This phenomenon of low lactate accumulation despite hypobaric hypoxia, first discovered some half century ago, is known in Quechuas to be largely unaffected by acute exposure to hypoxia or by acclimatization to sea level conditions. Earlier Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and metabolic biochemistry studies suggest that closer coupling of energy demand and energy supply in Quechuas allows given changes in work rate with relatively modest changes in muscle adenylate and phosphagen concentrations, thus tempering the activation of glycolytic flux to pyruvate--a coarse control mechanism operating at the level of overall pathway flux. Later studies of enzyme activities in skeletal muscles of Quechuas and of Sherpas have identified a finely-tuned control mechanism which by adaptive modifications of a few key enzymes apparently serves to specifically attenuate pyruvate flux to lactate.
在低压缺氧环境下进行递增运动直至疲劳的过程中，安第斯克丘亚族人在类似条件下比低地人形成和积累的血浆乳酸更少。这种尽管处于低压缺氧状态但乳酸积累量低的现象，大约在半个世纪前首次被发现，在克丘亚族人中已知很大程度上不受急性缺氧暴露或适应海平面条件的影响。早期的核磁共振（NMR）光谱学和代谢生物化学研究表明，克丘亚族人能量需求与能量供应的更紧密耦合使得工作速率发生特定变化时，肌肉腺苷酸和磷酸肌酸浓度的变化相对较小，从而调节糖酵解通量向丙酮酸的激活——这是一种在整个途径通量水平上起作用的粗略控制机制。后来对克丘亚族人和夏尔巴人骨骼肌中酶活性的研究确定了一种精细调节的控制机制，该机制通过对一些关键酶的适应性修饰，显然起到了特异性减弱丙酮酸向乳酸通量的作用。
