Maughan R J
Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University Medical School, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland.
Int J Sports Med. 1992 Oct;13 Suppl 1:S132-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024617.
The rate of metabolic heat production during prolonged exercise may be increased to 15-20 times that at rest. Evaporation of sweat secreted onto the skin can effectively limit the rise in body temperature which would otherwise occur, but results in the loss of water and electrolytes from the body. Dehydration and an increased thermal load can accelerate the onset of fatigue during exercise. The available evidence supports the idea that ingestion of fluids during prolonged exercise can improve performance. Heart rate and rectal temperature will generally be lower, and plasma volume will be better maintained when fluids are given. There is, however, no general agreement on the optimum formulation nor on the frequency or volume of drinking that is most appropriate. In practice, the ideal solution will depend on a number of factors, including the duration and intensity of the exercise, the environmental conditions and the characteristics of the individual. The variation between individuals is, however, large and the optimum strategy can only be established by subjective experience.
长时间运动期间的代谢产热速率可能会增加至静息时的15 - 20倍。分泌到皮肤上的汗液蒸发可有效限制体温的上升，否则体温将会升高，但这会导致身体水分和电解质流失。脱水和增加的热负荷会加速运动期间疲劳的出现。现有证据支持这样的观点，即长时间运动期间摄入液体可提高运动表现。当补充液体时，心率和直肠温度通常会更低，血浆容量也能得到更好的维持。然而，对于最佳配方以及最合适的饮用频率或量，尚无普遍共识。在实际中，理想的溶液将取决于许多因素，包括运动的持续时间和强度、环境条件以及个体特征。然而，个体之间的差异很大，最佳策略只能通过主观经验来确定。
